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. 2022 Aug 29;119(36):e2202577119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2202577119

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

IL-38 suppresses the spontaneous inflammatory and osteogenic activities in human AVICs from CAVD valves. (A and B) IL-38 protein levels in lysates of human AVICs from CAVD and non-CAVD valves were analyzed by ELISA (A) and immunoblotting (B). Human AVICs from CAVD valves have much lower levels of IL-38. Values are mean ± SEM, n = 3 donors. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus human AVICs from non-CAVD valves. (C) Human AVICs from CAVD valves were treated with recombinant IL-38 (10 ng/mL) or vehicle (normal saline) for 72 h. Representative immunoblots (Left) and densitometric data (Right) show that recombinant IL-38 reduced cellular levels of inflammatory (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) and osteogenic (RUNX2 and ALP) mediators. Values are mean ± SEM, n = 4 donors. ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001 versus vehicle. (D) Representative images of Alizarin Red S staining (Left) and spectrophotometric data (Right) show that treatment for 14 d with recombinant IL-38 reduced calcium deposition in human AVICs from CAVD valves. Values are mean ± SEM, n = 4 donors. **P < 0.01 versus vehicle. (Scale bar, 100 µm).