Table 3.
Risk of bias assessment among the studies that were reviewed.
| Reference | Bias Domain | Risk Level | Support for Judgement |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cui et al. [8] (2017) |
Selection bias * | - | - |
| Performance bias # | - | - | |
| Detection bias | Unclear | Authors do not disclose whether measurements were conducted by a blind assessor. | |
| Missing data bias ^ | Unclear | Authors do not specify whether cases were omitted due to incomplete data. | |
| Reporting bias | Low | All prespecified outcomes were reported. | |
| Juan et al. [7] (2017) |
Selection bias * | - | - |
| Performance bias # | - | - | |
| Detection bias | High | Assessors measuring coronary angles were not blinded. | |
| Missing data bias | Unclear | Authors do not specify whether cases were omitted due to incomplete data. | |
| Reporting bias | Low | All prespecified outcomes were reported. | |
| Other: Measurement bias | Unclear | An unspecified portion of the acquired CCTA datasets from each group were of relatively low spatial resolution, which may have affected the accuracy of subsequent measurements for those cases. | |
| Moon et al. [15] (2018) |
Selection bias * | - | - |
| Performance bias # | - | - | |
| Detection bias | Unclear | Authors do not disclose whether measurements were conducted by a blind assessor. | |
| Missing data bias ^ | Unclear | Authors do not specify whether cases were omitted due to incomplete data. | |
| Reporting bias | Low | All prespecified outcomes were reported. | |
| Other: Measurement bias | Unclear | Degree of coronary stenosis was measured solely on CCTA, and its appearance may have consistently been exacerbated in cases from the group with ≥50% stenosis due to blooming artefact associated with extensive calcification. | |
| Rodriguez-Granillo et al. [17] (2007) |
Selection bias * | - | - |
| Performance bias # | - | - | |
| Detection bias | Unclear | Authors do not disclose whether measurements were conducted by a blind assessor. | |
| Missing data bias ^ | Unclear | Authors do not specify whether cases were omitted due to incomplete data. | |
| Reporting bias | Low | All prespecified outcomes were reported. | |
| Sun [16] (2013) |
Selection bias * | - | - |
| Performance bias # | - | - | |
| Detection bias | Unclear | Authors do not disclose whether measurements were conducted by a blind assessor. | |
| Missing data bias ^ | Unclear | Authors do not specify whether cases were omitted due to incomplete data. | |
| Reporting bias | Low | All prespecified outcomes were reported. | |
| Sun & Cao [6] (2011) |
Selection bias * | - | - |
| Performance bias # | - | - | |
| Detection bias | Unclear | Authors do not disclose whether measurements were conducted by a blind assessor. | |
| Missing data bias ^ | Unclear | Authors do not specify whether cases were omitted due to incomplete data. | |
| Reporting bias | Low | All prespecified outcomes were reported. | |
| Temov & Sun [4] (2016) |
Selection bias * | - | - |
| Performance bias # | - | - | |
| Detection bias | Unclear | Authors do not disclose whether measurements were conducted by a blind assessor. | |
| Missing data bias ^ | High | An unspecified number of cases with unavailable CAD risk factor checklists were omitted from the study; coronary angle measurements were not completed for these cases. | |
| Reporting bias | Low | All prespecified outcomes were reported. | |
| Ziyrek et al. [19] (2020) |
Selection bias * | - | - |
| Performance bias # | - | - | |
| Detection bias | Unclear | Authors do not disclose whether measurements were conducted by a blind assessor. | |
| Missing data bias ^ | Unclear | Authors do not specify whether cases were omitted due to incomplete data. | |
| Reporting bias | Low | All prespecified outcomes were reported. |
*: Due to the causal-comparative nature of these studies, degree of selection bias associated with inadequate randomization cannot be properly assessed, since these are not randomized controlled trials. #: Performance bias cannot be assessed due to the exclusively retrospective nature of the included studies. ^: Missing data bias was discussed instead of attrition bias for all studies, also due to their retrospective, causal-comparative designs.