Table 1.
Study details of articles included.
| Study | Muscle Atrophy Condition | N | Groups | Tissue Analyzed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ebhardt et al. (2017) [21] | Cachexia | 19 | Cachectic (n = 5) Non-cachectic (n = 14) |
Quadriceps muscle biopsy |
| Zhou et al. (2020) [22] | Cachexia | 23 | Cachexia with sarcopenia (n = 13) Normal weight (n = 10) |
Abdominal muscle biopsies |
| Aniort et al. (2019) [23] | Cachexia | 21 | Early-stage lung cancer (LC, n = 7) Chronic hemodialysis (HD, n = 7) Healthy volunteers (CT, n = 7) |
Muscle biopsies (LC: latissimus dorsi; HD and CT: vastus lateralis) |
| Costa et al. (2019) [24] | Cachexia | 45 | Cachectic (n = 25) Weight stable (n = 20) |
Plasma |
| Narasimhan et al. (2020) [25] | Cachexia | 29 | Weight loss (n = 23) Weight stable (n = 6) |
Serum |
| Neto et al. (2018) [26] | Cachexia | 16 | Cachectic (n = 9) Weight stable (n = 7) |
Peritumoral adipose tissue |
| Muqaku et al. (2017) [27] | Cachexia | 9 | Melanoma (n = 6) Healthy (n = 3) |
Serum |
| Skipworth et al. (2010) [28] | Cachexia | 16 | Weight-stable (n = 8) Weight-loss (n = 8) |
Urine |
| Arner et al. (2015) [29] | Cachexia | 59 | Weight-stable (n = 27) Weight-loss (n = 32) |
Plasma |
| Ebhardt et al. (2017) [21] | Sarcopenia | 18 | Sarcopenic (n = 8) Non-sarcopenic (n = 10) |
Quadriceps muscle biopsy |
| Gueugneau et al. (2021) [30] | Sarcopenia (metabolic syndrome)/aging | 39 | Healthy young (n = 15) Healthy old (n = 15) Old with metabolic syndrome (n = 9) |
Vastus lateralis muscle biopsy |
| Bergen et al. (2015) [31] | Sarcopenia | 240 | Young (20–40y, n = 80) Old with normal rASM (>65y, n = 80) Old with low rASM (>65y, n = 80) |
Serum |
| L’hôte et al. (2021) [32] | Sarcopenia | 20 | Control and pre-sarcopenia (n = 10) Sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia (n = 10) |
Serum |
| Lin et al. (2017) [33] | Frailty/ Aging |
12 | Frail (n = 6) Non-frail (n = 6) |
Serum |
| Brocca et al. (2017) [34] | Aging | 20 | Elderly (70.9y, n = 10) Young control (23.0y, n = 10) |
Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies |
| Ubaida-Mohien et al. (2019) [35] | Aging | 58 | 20–34 years (n = 13) 35–49 years (n = 11) 50–64 years (n = 12) 65–79 years (n = 12) 80+ years (n = 10) |
Vastus lateralis muscle biopsy |
| Lourenço Dos Santos et al. (2015) [36] | Aging | 22 | Young healthy (0–12y, n = 11) Old healthy (52–76y, n = 11) |
Rectus abdominis muscle biopsies |
| Gueugneau et al. (2014) [37] | Aging | 24 | Mature women (48–61y, n = 11) Older women (76–82y, n = 13) |
Vastus lateralis muscle |
| Théron et al. (2014) [38] | Aging | 10 | Mature healthy (53.0y, n = 6) Old healthy (77.6y, n = 4) |
Vastus lateralis muscle |
| Staunton et al. (2012) [39] | Aging | 8 | Middle aged (47–62y, n = 4) Older (76–82y, n = 4) |
Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies |
| Rittweger et al. (2018) [40] | Muscle wasting | 2 | Crew members of the ISS assessed pre and post 6 month stay in space | Skeletal (soleus) muscle |
| Capri et al. (2019) [41] | Muscle wasting | 2 | Crew members of the ISS assessed pre and post 6 month stay in space | Muscle biopsy |
| Husi et al. (2018) [42] | Muscle wasting | 49 | Low strength (22/49) Low power (23/42) Low strength and power (n = 13) |
Urine |
| Lakhdar et al. (2017) [43] | Muscle wasting | 27 | COPD with low FFMI, (n = 10) COPD with normal FFMI (n = 8) Matched healthy controls (n = 9) |
Vastus lateralis muscle of COPD patients |
| Husi et al. (2018) [44] | Muscle wasting | 55 | Myosteatotic (n = 31) Non-myosteatotic (n = 24) |
Urine |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FFMI, fat free mass index; ISS, International Space Station; rASM, relative appendicular skeletal muscle mass; y, years.