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. 2022 Jul 4;16:1422. doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2022.1422

Table 3. Logistic regression models evaluating risk factors for oesophageal cancer.

Unmatched cases and controls (unconditional) Matched cases and controls (conditional)
Model 1* OR (95% CI) p-value Model 1* OR (95% CI) p-value
Age less than 45 years 0.4 (0.2–0.8) 0.009 Lack of formal education 2.9 (1.1–7.5) 0.032
Lack of formal education 2.0 (1.0–3.7) 0.035 Rural residence 2.3 (1.0–5.3) 0.040
Rural residence 2.7 (1.5–5.0) 0.002
Smoking tobacco 2.9 (1.5–5.7) <0.001
Model 2** OR (95% CI) p-value Model 2** OR (95% CI) p-value
Age less than 45 years 0.5 (0.3–0.9) 0.017 Biomass smoke exposure 2.8 (1.3–5.9) 0.005
Sex – female 0.4 (0.2–0.7) 0.001 Lack of formal education 3.9 (1.5–9.9) 0.004
Biomass smoke exposure 2.1 (1.1–3.8) 0.017
Lack of formal education 2.5 (1.4–4.4) 0.001
Model 3*** OR (95% CI) p-value Model 3*** OR (95% CI) p-value
Age less than 45 years 0.4 (0.3–0.8) 0.004 Biomass smoke exposure 2.4 (1.2–4.5) 0.016
Sex – female 0.5 (0.3–0.8) 0.004 Lack of good housing 2.4 (1.1–5.6) 0.034
Biomass smoke exposure 2.0 (1.1–3.7) 0.019
Lack of good housing 2.1 (1.2–3.8) 0.009
*Model 1: Sex, age, biomass smoke exposure, poor housing, lack of household goods, rural residence, lack of formal education, current smoker, alcohol intake, consumption of hot beverages, lack of piped water and geophagia. *Model 1: Biomass smoke exposure, poor housing, lack of household goods, rural residence, lack of formal education, current smoker, alcohol intake, consumption of hot beverages, lack of piped water and geophagia.
**Model 2: Sex, age, biomass smoke exposure, poor housing, lack of household goods, rural residence, consumption of hot beverages, lack of piped water and geophagia. **Model 2: Biomass smoke exposure, poor housing, lack of household goods, rural residence, consumption of hot beverages, lack of piped water and geophagia.
***Model 3: Sex, age, biomass smoke exposure, poor housing, lack of household goods and rural residence. ***Model 3: Biomass smoke exposure, poor housing, lack of household goods and rural residence.