Table 1. Distribution of the percentage of items having an overall item flaws (violations), structural, test wiseness, and irrelevant difficulty flaws in all MCQ resources.

	Total item flaws (%)			Structural flaws (%)			Test-wiseness flaws (%)			Irrelevant difficulty flaws (%)
Source or book a	Good items b ( n  = 537)	One flaw ( n  = 690)	>1 flaw ( n  = 1,073)	No flaws ( n  = 537)	One flaw ( n  = 690)	>1 flaw ( n  = 1,073)	No flaws ( n  = 537)	One flaw ( n  = 690)	>1 flaw ( n  = 1,073)	No flaws ( n  = 537)	One flaw ( n  = 690)	>1 flaw ( n  = 1,073)
1	10	14	76	42	8	50	68	28	4	10	64	26
2	4	16	80	38	6	56	70	28	2	8	68	24
3	12	28	60	62	28	10	80	18	2	26	54	20
4	14	30	56	50	46	4	78	20	2	34	26	40
5	4	18	78	46	34	20	60	32	8	12	34	54
6	11	29	60	37	34	29	81	18	1	40	36	24
7	4	44	52	58	42	0	84	14	2	8	76	16
8	36	19	45	51	17	32	90	9	1	70	26	4
9	52	23	25	63	35	2	82	16	2	84	15	1
10	68	19	13	78	21	1	97	3	0	81	18	1
11	43	27	30	75	11	14	92	6	2	53	38	9
12	23	21	56	49	31	20	90	8	2	38	38	24
13	45	17	38	74	21	5	94	6	0	49	31	20
14	8	18	74	44	36	20	90	10	0	12	44	44
15	16	21	63	57	22	21	91	9	1	24	36	40
16	7	15	77	39	27	34	85	14	1	12	51	37
17	34	42	24	77	18	5	89	9	2	50	48	3
18	13	59	28	83	16	2	89	11	1	17	77	7
19	15	35	50	65	22	14	89	10	1	29	44	27
20	24	39	37	76	14	10	93	6	1	35	44	20
Average	23	30	47	62	23	15	87	11	1	36	44	20

Abbreviation: MCQ, multiple-choice question.

^a As denoting to the selected book and/or resource (List of sources was detailed in Supplementary Material S1 [available in the online version]).

^bGood items mean Items without any flaw (violation).