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. 2022 Jul 25;18(9):1094–1098. doi: 10.1038/s41567-022-01662-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 7 — a, Application of the EVM method on the PST experiment on flat terrain presented in the paper. The top left panel shows the result of the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) analysis. The arrows length and color represent the slab displacement direction and magnitude, respectively. The bottom left panel shows the EVM result for one selected frame. The plot on the right shows the crack tip position as a function of time based on the PIV analysis and the EVM method, showing a good agreement. b, same as a for a the 37 degrees PST presented in the paper. c, same as a for a 5 m long PST experiment on flat terrain. On the top left panel, the slab is colored by the slab vertical displacement h.