Table 3.
Minor and major complications by Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) classification
| Grade 1 | Grade 3 | ||
| Localised pain | 12 | Haemopericardium | 4 |
| Puncture site haematoma | 11 | Sepsis | 3 |
| Fever | 7 | Arterial injury | 2 |
| Tachypnoea | 2 | Lower limb cellulitis/phlebitis | 2 |
| Grade 2 | Grade 4 | 2 | |
| Stent migration | 17 | Bleeding event on anticoagulation | 19 |
| Arrhythmia—SVT (4), VT (1), bradycardia (1) | 6 | Pulmonary embolism/DVT | 8 |
| Haemoptysis/haematemesis | 6 | Hoarseness due to laryngeal nerve damage | 3 |
| Transiently impaired venous drainage | 1 | Grade 6 | 3 |
| Grade 3 | Mortality in 24 h—tamponade (5), unknown (4), MI (1), PE (1), HF (1), haemopericardium (1) | 13 | |
| Pulmonary oedema | 10 | ||
| Cardiac tamponade due to iatrogenic SVC perforation | 7 |
SVT, supraventricular tachycardia; VT, ventricular tachycardia; DVT, deep venous thrombosis; MI, myocardial infarction; PE, pulmonary embolism; HF, heart failure