Figure 5.

Cooperative growth-inhibiting activity of propranolol in combination with cisplatin in osteosarcoma cells. Tumor cell growth after propranolol (PPN) plus cisplatin (CDDP) combined treatment was evaluated on log-phase growing MG-63 cells and measured by crystal violet staining. (a) Impact of CDDP (0.1–50 μM) on OSA cell survival and IC₅₀ calculation after a 72 h exposure to tested compounds. Statistical significance (*p < 0.05) in growth inhibition by CDDP was achieved with drug concentrations ≥ 10 μM. (b) and (c), potential cooperative effects between PPN and CDDP were assessed by combining different sub-IC₅₀ or supra-IC₅₀ concentrations of tested compounds. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and are representative of at least two or three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for (a), (b) and (c).