Table 1.
Participant characteristics. One (AD) had no information on diabetes, hyperlipidemia, drinking and smoking.
| Control | MCI | AD | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40 | 26 | 40 | ||
| Age (SD) years | 81.8 ± 2.26 | 82.4 ± 5.49 | 83.8 ± 4.79 | 0.14 |
| Female (%) | 26/40 (65.0) | 17/26 (65.4) | 26/40 (65.0) | 0.99 |
| Height (SD) cm | 150 ± 8.10 | 149 ± 11.1 | 146 ± 7.87 | 0.15 |
| Weight (SD) kg | 54.1 ± 9.36 | 50.1 ± 8.68 | 49.0 ± 9.55 | 0.04 |
| BMI (SD) kg/m2 | 24.0 ± 2.87 | 22.5 ± 2.91 | 22.9 ± 3.49 | 0.14 |
| MMSE (SD) | 28.4 ± 1.51 | 25.3 ± 1.66 | 18.4 ± 3.72 | < 0.01 |
| Education (%) | ||||
| ≤ Finished primary school | 1/40 (2.5) | 3/26 (11.5) | 6/40 (15.0) | |
| ≤ Finished junior high school | 25/40 (62.5) | 12/26 (46.2) | 26/40 (65.0) | |
| ≤ Finished high school | 13/40 (32.5) | 10/26 (38.5) | 8/40 (20.0) | |
| ≤ Finished college, university | 1/40 (2.5) | 1/26 (3.8) | 0/40 (0.0) | |
| Barthel Index (SD) | 98.3 ± 5.13 | 98.3 ± 8.83 | 93.6 ± 10.8 | < 0.01 |
| IADL (SD) | 11.5 ± 2.22 | 11.2 ± 3.25 | 6.00 ± 4.82 | < 0.01 |
| GDS15 (SD) | 2.45 ± 2.01 | 3.08 ± 2.24 | 3.33 ± 2.97 | 0.45 |
| Medical history (%) | ||||
| Hypertension (%) | 28/40 (70.0) | 18/26 (69.2) | 31/40 (77.5) | 0.68 |
| Diabetes (%) | 9/40 (22.5) | 3/26 (11.5) | 7/39 (17.9) | 0.53 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 20/40 (50.0) | 9/26 (34.6) | 6/39 (15.4) | < 0.01 |
| Drinking (%) | 16/40 (40.0) | 10/26 (38.5) | 11/39 (28.2) | 0.51 |
| Smoking (%) | 8/40 (20.0) | 5/26 (19.2) | 8/39 (20.5) | 0.99 |
BMI body mass index, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, IADL instrumental activities of daily living, GDS15 geriatric depression scale 15.