Table 3.
Mean values of plasma amino acids.
| Control (N = 40) | MCI (N = 26) | AD (N = 40) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alanine (µM) | 509 ± 90.0 | 504 ± 112 | 495 ± 109 | 0.82 |
| Arginine (µM) | 107 ± 25.0 | 105 ± 28.4 | 103 ± 26.7 | 0.81 |
| Asparagine (µM) | 59.7 ± 9.93 | 58.9 ± 12.0 | 56.9 ± 11.6 | 0.51 |
| Aspartic acid (µM) | 30.1 ± 8.72 | 30.4 ± 9.67 | 28.4 ± 14.8 | 0.11 |
| Cysteine (µM) | 10.3 ± 2.47 | 9.90 ± 2.72 | 9.99 ± 2.56 | 0.83 |
| Glutamine (µM) | 752 ± 91.6 | 725 ± 119 | 746 ± 109 | 0.29 |
| Glutamic acid (µM) | 113 ± 35.3 | 110 ± 49.1 | 104 ± 49.2 | 0.22 |
| Glycine (µM) | 288 ± 63.8 | 320 ± 115 | 287 ± 73.1 | 0.24 |
| Histidine (µM) | 88.3 ± 15.2 | 82.6 ± 15.1 | 80.8 ± 13.2 | 0.06 |
| Isoleucine (µM) | 63.6 ± 23.1 | 64.9 ± 17.5 | 59.6 ± 20.3 | 0.37 |
| Leucine (µM) | 118 ± 38.1 | 122 ± 29.6 | 110 ± 29.9 | 0.24 |
| Lysine (µM) | 208 ± 62.9 | 198 ± 45.6 | 176 ± 40.5 | 0.02 |
| Methionine (µM) | 23.0 ± 7.33 | 23.8 ± 7.01 | 24.8 ± 6.88 | 0.32 |
| Phenylalanine (µM) | 82.2 ± 14.5 | 78.0 ± 14.1 | 76.0 ± 16.6 | 0.13 |
| Proline (µM) | 233 ± 89.6 | 203 ± 47.8 | 223 ± 75.0 | 0.51 |
| Serine (µM) | 153 ± 30.1 | 156 ± 28.4 | 147 ± 32.1 | 0.36 |
| Threonine (µM) | 145 ± 34.3 | 130 ± 34.5 | 134 ± 37.2 | 0.19 |
| Tryptophan (µM) | 60.2 ± 13.0 | 57.9 ± 14.7 | 56.2 ± 11.9 | 0.40 |
| Tyrosine (µM) | 81.1 ± 18.6 | 75.4 ± 15.1 | 75.3 ± 23.8 | 0.23 |
| Valine (µM) | 243 ± 51.7 | 250 ± 48.4 | 244 ± 52.7 | 0.83 |
| Anthranilic acid (µM) | 1.12 ± 0.42 | 0.95 ± 0.23 | 0.99 ± 0.28 | 0.25 |
| Betaine (µM) | 72.1 ± 20.9 | 72.7 ± 18.1 | 68.3 ± 20.3 | 0.33 |
| Choline (µM) | 33.2 ± 6.75 | 33.3 ± 7.23 | 31.7 ± 6.68 | 0.45 |
| Citrulline (µM) | 40.6 ± 13.2 | 40.1 ± 17.5 | 37.5 ± 9.19 | 0.75 |
| Creatine (µM) | 49.9 ± 29.5 | 50.0 ± 25.9 | 52.5 ± 33.8 | 0.95 |
| Creatinine (µM) | 71.7 ± 17.5 | 71.9 ± 40.0 | 67.9 ± 23.5 | 0.21 |
| GABA (µM) | 4.23 ± 4.33 | 4.42 ± 10.3 | 3.38 ± 4.92 | 0.14 |
| Hydroxyproline (µM) | 13.6 ± 5.15 | 13.2 ± 5.80 | 13.2 ± 6.24 | 0.71 |
| Hypoxanthine (µM) | 16.2 ± 4.98 | 14.3 ± 4.63 | 15.0 ± 5.90 | 0.11 |
| Kynurenine (µM) | 2.22 ± 0.64 | 2.05 ± 0.63 | 1.97 ± 0.60 | 0.19 |
| N,N-Dimethylglycine (µM) | 4.37 ± 1.14 | 4.36 ± 1.26 | 4.62 ± 1.36 | 0.59 |
| Ornithine (µM) | 97.2 ± 34.1 | 92.5 ± 20.5 | 77.4 ± 17.7 | < 0.01 |
| Thymine (µM) | 68.0 ± 22.2 | 71.4 ± 20.6 | 78.8 ± 30.0 | 0.07 |
| Uracil (µM) | 272 ± 82.9 | 239 ± 49.4 | 235 ± 59.1 | 0.04 |
| Uridine (µM) | 14.2 ± 4.25 | 14.5 ± 6.76 | 14.3 ± 5.47 | 0.95 |