Table 2.

Comparative antimicrobial activity of in vivo and ex vitro Kaempferia angustifolia (ethanol extract) and silver nanoparticle against UTI clinical pathogen

Antibacterial materials	Concentration	Zone of inhibition (mm)
		Pathogenic bacteria
		Isolate no. 42571	Isolate no. 42423	Isolate no. 42269	Isolate no.43164	Isolate no. 42230	Isolate no.42332	Isolate no. 43546
Plant extract (in vivo) Ethanol extract (mg/ml)	0.75	8.56 ± 0.09	7.53 ± 0.04	7.56 ± 0.09	8.40 ± 0.00	6.16 ± 0.12	9.33 ± 0.12	7.10 ± 0.08
	3.0	10.23 ± 0.20	10.1 ± 0.16	8.96 ± 0.04	10.06 ± 0.09	9.23 ± 0.09	10.96 ± 0.04	8.96 ± 0.04
	6.0	10.56 ± 0.09	11.53 ± 0.04	10.56 ± 0.04	11.10 ± 0.08	10.56 ± 0.09	11.56 ± 0.04	9.66 ± 0.04
Plant extract (ex vitro) Ethanol extract (mg/ml)	0.75	11.33 ± 0.04	10.53 ± 0.04	9.90 ± 0.08	10.23 ± 0.09	9.43 ± 0.09	10.00 ± 0.08	7.50 ± 0.00
	3.0	13.90 ± 0.08	13.86 ± 0.09	11.03 ± 0.12	13.46 ± 0.04	11.10 ± 0.14	12.93 ± 0.04	9.06 ± 0.04
	6.0	14.26 ± 0.12	15.13 ± 0.16	12.33 ± 0.20	14.03 ± 0.12	14.00 ± 0.08	14.03 ± 0.04	9.90 ± 0.08
Nanoparticle (μg/ml)	10	10.06 ± 0.09	12.4 ± 0.04	9.73 ± 0.04	11.40 ± 0.00	11.96 ± 0.12	11.30 ± 0.08	9.16 ± 0.09
	25	12.86 ± 0.04	15.03 ± 0.01	11.63 ± 0.12	13.93 ± 0.04	15.90 ± 0.08	15.76 ± 0.12	11.83 ± 0.12
	50	14.73 ± 0.16	16.60 ± 0.00	12.93 ± 0.04	15.10 ± 0.08	16.26 ± 0.12	16.93 ± 0.04	12.40 ± 0.12
Silver nitrate (μg/ml)	10	-	6.76 ± 0.06	-	-	7.4 ± 0.21	8.06 ± 0.09	-
	20	5.46 ± 0.12	7.96 ± 0.03	5.83 ± 0.04	8.23 ± 0.24	8.3 ± 0.14	9.53 ± 0.30	-
	50	6.96 ± 0.12	9.1 ± 0.04	7.13 ± 0.12	10.16 ± 0.23	9.13 ± 0.12	10.23 ± 0.16	5.46 ± 0.16

Isolate no. 42571, Escherichia coli; isolate no. 42423, Escherichia coli; isolate no. 42269, Klebsiella pneumoniae; isolate no. 43164, Klebsiella pneumoniae; isolate no. 42230, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; isolate no. 42332, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; isolate no. 43546, Staphylococcus saprophyticus