TABLE 2.

Potential biomarkers discovered by VIP, FC, and adjusted p-values.

Different metabolites	VIP	FC	P-value
NC vs. GDM
C18:1	2.45	1.24	0.003
2-Hydroxybutyric acid	1.91	1.62	0.001
Pyroglutamic acid	2.89	0.65	<0.001
Glutamic acid	1.27	1.21	0.042
NC vs. HP
C16:0	2.67	1.32	<0.001
C18:0	1.27	1.24	0.011
C18:1	2.18	1.47	<0.001
Pyroglutamic acid	1.82	1.44	0.001
Glycine	1.20	1.25	0.008
γ-Aminobutyric acid	5.57	1.36	<0.001
Glutamic acid	1.33	1.33	0.001
GDM vs. HP
C18:1	1.11	1.21	0.005
Pyroglutamic acid	2.84	2.21	<0.001
γ-Aminobutyric acid	5.84	1.38	<0.001
Creatinine	1.03	1.48	<0.001

P-values in bold indicate that there are significant differences between the NC, GDM, and HP groups.