Table 2.
Changes of blood sugar related indicators, physical measurements, and abdominal fat distribution.
| Items | Study group (n=47) | P value | Control group (n=38) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Endpoint | Baseline | Endpoint | |||
| Fasting blood sugar (mmol/L) | 8.67 ± 2.98 | 7.16 ± 1.53 | 0.004* | 8.39 ± 1.86 | 7.31 ± 1.47 | 0.004* |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.40 ± 1.83 | 6.83 ± 0.99 | <0.001* | 7.86 ± 0.83 | 7.08 ± 0.80 | <0.001* |
| Weight (kg) | 87.27 ± 14.45 | 84.21 ± 13.75 | <0.001* | 89.37 ± 14.71 | 87.54 ± 15.33 | 0.006* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.12 ± 4.06 | 29.97 ± 3.60 | <0.001* | 32.68 ± 3.80 | 32.02 ± 4.30 | 0.006* |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 105.98 ± 10.95 | 102.54 ± 9.13 | 0.002* | 106.74 ± 9.72 | 104.12 ± 9.03 | 0.003* |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 110.99 ± 11.02 | 109.44 ± 8.32 | 0.141 | 111.53 ± 16.38 | 109.05 ± 18.87 | 0.518 |
| Waist to Hip ratio | 0.96 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.05 | 0.102 | 0.94 ± 0.07 | 0.93 ± 0.06 | 0.409 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 32.52 ± 10.08 | 30.7 ± 9.00 | <0.001* | 35.82 ± 9.13 | 34.08 ± 9.61 | 0.002* |
| Body fat ratio | 36.66 ± 6.96 | 35.42 ± 6.78 | <0.001* | 39.95 ± 7.00 | 39.08 ± 7.09 | 0.107 |
| Visceral fat area (cm2) | 131.50 ± 28.73 | 124.40 ± 28.68 | <0.001* | 139.60 ± 26.67 | 140.51 ± 30.24 | 0.747 |
| Abdominal cross-sectional area (cm2) | 368.16 ± 74.72 | 350.18 ± 82.03 | 0.016* | 374.72 ± 94.99 | 350.64 ± 97.85 | 0.007* |
| Subcutaneous fat area of abdomen (cm2) | 221.50 (167.00, 310.00) | 209 (161.75, 270.25) | <0.001* | 230 (192.25, 319.75) | 230.5 (196.00, 311.75) | 0.689 |
| Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness (cm) | 3.13 ± 1.18 | 3.03 ± 1.23 | 0.200 | 3.12 ± 1.02 | 3.16 ± 0.92 | 0.670 |
| Back subcutaneous fat thickness (cm) | 2.24 ± 0.93 | 2.20 ± 0.89 | 0.413 | 2.40 ± 0.75 | 2.41 ± 0.87 | 0.945 |
| Subcutaneous fat thickness outside erector spinae (cm) | 4.30 ± 1.35 | 4.15 ± 1.27 | 0.217 | 4.37 ± 1.06 | 4.36 ± 1.06 | 0.964 |
| Erector spinae intramuscular fat content (mg/cm3) | 61.50 (20.31, 124.05) | 57.67 (1.05, 118.56) | 0.843 | 52.14 (-25.80, 114.13) | 43.86 (-9.44, 126.06) | 0.405 |
| Liver fat content (%) | 7.05 (3.88, 10.25) | 4.18 (2.35, 8.18) | 0.001* | 8.75 (3.89, 15.12) | 6.37 (2.46, 14.32) | 0.123 |
Data were expressed as mean± standard deviation and median (interquartile range).
HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c, BMI: Body Mass Index.
*Compared with the baseline level, P<0.05.