Table 2.
Variable | Health insurance participation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model (1) | Model (2) | Model (3) | Model (4) | Model (5) | |
Age a | |||||
65–69 | 0.910** (0.042) | 0.911** (0.042) | 0.915** (0.042) | 0.918** (0.042) | 0.913** (0.042) |
70–74 | 0.859*** (0.046) | 0.859*** (0.046) | 0.862*** (0.046) | 0.859*** (0.046) | 0.864*** (0.046) |
75–80 | 0.840*** (0.050) | 0.841*** (0.051) | 0.849*** (0.051) | 0.843*** (0.051) | 0.858*** (0.051) |
Education attainment b | |||||
Middle school | 1.382*** (0.078) | 1.382*** (0.075) | 1.365*** (0.074) | 1.343*** (0.074) | 1.330*** (0.074) |
High/Higher Vocational/Secondary School | 1.865*** (0.132) | 1.862*** (0.124) | 1.828*** (0.122) | 1.756*** (0.122) | 1.736*** (0.122) |
College and above | 1.912*** (0.202) | 1.917*** (0.185) | 1.872*** (0.180) | 1.775*** (0.180) | 1.749*** (0.180) |
Residencec | 0.709*** (0.036) | 0.707** (0.039) | 0.711*** (0.044) | 0.758*** (0.044) | 0.745*** (0.044) |
Chronic disease | 0.763*** (0.041) | 0.763*** (0.041) | 0.764*** (0.041) | 0.759*** (0.041) | 0.770*** (0.041) |
Ln annual income | 1.009** (0.003) | 1.009** (0.003) | 1.009** (0.003) | 1.009** (0.003) | 1.009** (0.003) |
Ln GDP | 1.488*** (0.068) | 1.476*** (0.068) | 1.330*** (0.069) | 1.323*** (0.069) | 1.185*** (0.069) |
Jobd | 3.350** (1.684) | 3.354** (1.839) | 3.223** (1.847) | 3.195** (1.767) | 3.531** (1.767) |
Ln Health insurance premium | 1.001 (0.005) | ||||
Health insurance participatione | 1.404*** (0.094) | 1.439** (0.097) | |||
EMIf | 1.506*** (0.108) | ||||
RMIi | 1.208*** (0.083) | ||||
CHIj | 1.581*** (0.207) | ||||
Ln PE | 1.033*** (0.004) | ||||
Dummy province variable | Control | ||||
Cut1 | −1.069 (0.519) | −1.156 (0.544) | −1.952 (0.607) | −2.081 (0.617) | −3.156 (0.638) |
Cut2 | 1.041 (0.514) | −0.955 (0.538) | 0.161 (0.602) | 0.313 (0.612) | −1.042 (0.633) |
Cut3 | 3.929 (0.516) | 23.842 (0.540) | 3.049 (0.603) | 2.921 (0.613) | 1.845 (0.633) |
Cut4 | 6.112 (0.519) | 6.025 (0.542) | 5.231 (0.605) | 5.108 (0.614) | 4.031 (0.635) |
Sigma_u | 0.772 (0.069) | 0.772 (0.069) | 0.759 (0.068) | 0.765 (0.068) | 0.746 (0.068) |
Wald test value | 1061.91 | 1062.06 | 1088.21 | 1098.31 | 1133.55 |
Chibar2 | 228.54 | 228.56 | 222.73 | 224.53 | 216.68 |
The values outside and inside the brackets are the OR and standard errors, respectively.
**, and *** indicate significance at the 5%, and 1% levels, respectively.
Reference groups: a for 60–64 group, b for Primary school and below group, c for City group, d for no job group, e for no health insurance participation, f for no EMI group, i for no RMI group, j for no CMI group.