TABLE 1.
Participants’ characteristics.
| Variable | All (n = 147,336) | p-value | Men (n = 66,089) | p-value | Women (n = 81,247) | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IBS n = 17,695 | Non-IBS n = 129,641 | IBS n = 4,151 | Non-IBS n = 61,938 | IBS n = 13,544 | Non-IBS n = 67,703 | ||||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | 13,544 (76.5%) | 67,703 (52.2%) | <0.001 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Male | 4,151 (23.5%) | 61,938 (47.8%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 54.37 (7.795) | 56.14 (7.684) | <0.001 | 55.02 (7.993) | 56.61 (7.760) | <0.001 | 54.17 (7.722) | 55.71 (7.589) | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 55 (48, 61) | 57 (50, 62) | 56 (48, 62) | 58 (51, 63) | 54 (48.61) | 56 (50.62) | |||
| Townsend Deprivation Score | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | −1.42 (3.007) | −1.73 (2.821) | <0.001 | −1.29 (3.156) | −1.78 (2.827) | <0.001 | −1.45 (2.959) | −1.69 (2.814) | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | −2.24 (−3.70, 0.36) | −2.45 (−3.81, −0.19) | −2.18 (−3.72, 0.57) | −2.51 (−3.85, −0.27) | −2.25 (−3.69, 0.28) | −2.4 (−3.78, −0.12) | |||
| Missing data | 30 (0.2%) | 149 (0.1%) | 10 (0.2%) | 67 (0.1%) | 20 (0.1%) | 82 (0.1%) | |||
| Ever been offered/sought treatment for anxiety | |||||||||
| Yes | 6,692 (37.8%) | 23,698 (18.3%) | <0.001 | 1,368 (33.0%) | 9,067 (14.6%) | <0.001 | 5,324 (39.3%) | 14,631 (21.6%) | <0.001 |
| No | 10,935 (61.8%) | 105656 (81.5%) | 2,772 (66.8%) | 52,759 (85.2%) | 8,163 (60.3%) | 52,897 (78.1%) | |||
| Missing data | 68 (0.4%) | 287 (0.2%) | 11 (0.3%) | 112 (0.2%) | 57 (0.4%) | 175 (0.3%) | |||
| Ever been offered/sought treatment for depression | |||||||||
| Yes | 7,228 (40.8%) | 26,498 (20.4%) | <0.001 | 1,404 (33.8%) | 9,849 (15.9%) | <0.001 | 5,824 (43.0%) | 16,649 (24.6%) | <0.001 |
| No | 10,391 (58.7%) | 102794 (79.3%) | 2,732 (65.8%) | 51,968 (83.9%) | 7,659 (56.5%) | 50,826 (75.1%) | |||
| Missing data | 76 (0.4%) | 349 (0.3%) | 15 (0.4%) | 121 (0.2%) | 61 (0.5%) | 228 (0.3%) | |||
| Family history of IBS | |||||||||
| Yes | 4,993 (28.2%) | 13,985 (10.8%) | <0.001 | 941 (22.7%) | 4,982 (8.0%) | <0.001 | 4,052 (29.9%) | 9,003 (13.3%) | <0.001 |
| No | 7,859 (44.4%) | 102,225 (78.9%) | 1848 (44.5%) | 49,500 (79.9%) | 6,011 (44.4%) | 52,725 (77.9%) | |||
| Missing data | 4,843 (27.4%) | 13,431 (10.4%) | 1,362 (32.8%) | 7,456 (12.0%) | 3,481 (25.7%) | 5,975 (8.8%) | |||
| Born by caesarean section | |||||||||
| Yes | 447 (2.5%) | 3,298 (2.5%) | 0.811 | 111 (2.7%) | 1,598 (2.6%) | 0.498 | 336 (2.5%) | 1,700 (2.5%) | 0.924 |
| No | 16,313 (92.2%) | 118899 (91.7%) | 3,552 (85.6%) | 54,707 (88.3%) | 12,761 (94.2%) | 64,192 (94.8%) | |||
| Missing data | 935 (5.3%) | 7,444 (5.7%) | 488 (11.8%) | 5,633 (9.1%) | 447 (3.3%) | 1,811 (2.7%) | |||
| Long-term/recurrent antibiotics as child or teenager | |||||||||
| Yes | 4,163 (23.5%) | 13,997 (10.8%) | <0.001 | 715 (17.2%) | 4,906 (7.9%) | <0.001 | 3,448 (25.5%) | 9,091 (13.4%) | <0.001 |
| No | 11,003 (62.2%) | 105232 (81.2%) | 2,771 (66.8%) | 52,078 (84.1%) | 8,232 (60.8%) | 53,154 (78.5%) | |||
| Missing data | 2,529 (14.3%) | 10,412 (8.0%) | 665 (16.0%) | 4,954 (8.0%) | 1,864 (13.8%) | 5,458 (8.1%) | |||
| Diagnosed with coeliac disease or gluten sensitivity | |||||||||
| Yes | 890 (5.0%) | 1,462 (1.1%) | <0.001 | 146 (3.5%) | 510 (0.8%) | <0.001 | 744 (5.5%) | 952 (1.4%) | <0.001 |
| No | 16,351 (92.4%) | 127,701 (98.5%) | 3,827 (92.2%) | 61,139 (98.7%) | 12,524 (92.5%) | 66,562 (98.3%) | |||
| Missing data | 454 (2.6%) | 478 (0.4%) | 178 (4.3%) | 289 (0.5%) | 276 (2.0%) | 189 (0.3%) | |||
| PHQ-12 Score | |||||||||
| ≤6 | 5,748 (32.5%) | 98,940 (76.3%) | <0.001 | 1,698 (40.9%) | 50,667 (81.8%) | <0.001 | 8,918 (65.8%) | 17,636 (26.0%) | <0.001 |
| >6 | 11,174 (63.1%) | 27,668 (21.3%) | 2,256 (54.3%) | 10,032 (16.2%) | 4,050 (29.9%) | 48,273 (71.3%) | |||
| Missing data | 773 (4.4%) | 3,033 (2.3%) | 197 (4.7%) | 1,239 (2.0%) | 576 (4.3%) | 1794 (2.6%) | |||
Data were mean (SD) or n (%) unless noted otherwise. The distribution of age and the Townsend Deprivation Score is non-normal; therefore, the mean (SD) and median (P25, P75) are used to describe. The p-value was calculated by the chi-square test and Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test where applicable. In this analysis, “Do not know,” “Prefer not to answer,” and “missing” were coded as missing data.