Table 4.
Liposome-entrapped IVT mRNA vaccines for infectious and cancerous diseases.
| Vaccine Platform | Disease Target | Antigen | Delivery Platform | Preclinical /Clinical Setting | Immune Response | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IVT mRNA | Influenza | Nucleo-protein | Neutral liposomes (cholesterol/ DPPC/ phosphatidylserine) | Mice | - Induction of virus-specific CTL that can target and lyze cells infected with the nucleoprotein or the WT influenza virus | [9] |
| IVT mRNA + cationic poly-(β-amino ester) polymer | Lung metastatic melanoma | Oval-bumin | Neutral liposomes (EDOPC/ DOPE/DSPE-PEG) | Mice | - Protection from the RNase degradation - Increased internalization within DCs by macropinocytosis - Enhanced adjuvant effect by stimulating IFN-β and IL-12 via TLR7/8 signaling |
[36] |
| IVT mRNA | Melanoma | TRP2 | DC-targeting cationic liposomes (DOTAP/ DOPE with mannose-cholesterol conjugate) | Mice | - Enhanced DC transfection efficiency - Protection of mRNA from degradation - Enhanced cellular expression of mRNA |
[37] |
| IVT mRNA | Cancer | LL2 | DC-targeting cationic liposomes (DOTAP/ DP7-C) | Mice | - Enhanced transfection and maturation of DCs - Increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion and CD8+ T cell response - Exhibited anti-tumor effects |
[38] |
| 5mC/m1Ѱ IVT mRNA | Lymphoma | Oval-bumin, α-galactosyl ceramide | iNKT-targeting cationic liposomes (DOTAP/ cholesterol) | Mice | - Increased tumor-infiltrating antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells - Strong iNKT and NK cell activation - Suppression of myeloid-derived suppressor cells - Reduction in tumor growth with complete tumor rejection in 40% of animals |
[39] |