Table 5.
LNP-entrapped IVT mRNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.
| Vaccine Platform | Disease Target | Antigen | Delivery Platform | Preclinical/ Clinical Setting | Immune Response | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IVT mRNA | Melanoma | TRP2, gp100 | LNP (cKK-E12: DOPE: cholesterol: C14-PEG2000: SLS, 15:26:40.5:2.5:16) | Mice | - Transfection of various immune cells - Induction of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells - Overcoming of tumor self-tolerance and extension of mice survival |
[43] |
| IVT mRNA | Lymphoma Prostate cancer | Oval-bumin | LNP (G0-C14/ C16-R848/ ceramide-PEG) | Mice | - Enhancement of transfection efficiency and antigen presentation on DCs - Increased adaptive T cell immunity and anti-tumor activity |
[44] |
| IVT mRNA | Melanoma | TRP2 | DC-targeting LNP (Calcium phosphate core and a lipid shell of mannose-conjugated PEG-DSPE) | Mice | - High transfection efficiency mediated by endosomal escape - Induction of cytotoxic T cell response and humoral response |
[37] |
| IVT mRNA | Lymphoma | Oval-bumin | LNP (Double emulsions of PEG5000-PLGA/PLGA/ BHEM-cholesterol) | Mice | - Stimulation of DCs’ maturation - Activation and proliferation of antigen-specific T cells - Slowed tumor growth |
[46] |
| IVT mRNA (mRNA-4650) | Metastatic gastro-intestinal cancer | 20 TAAs, 15 HLA-I neoantigens | LNP (ionizable lipid:DSPC: cholesterol: PEG-lipid, 50:10:38.5:1.5) | Phase I/II clinical trial (NCT03480152) | - Induction of CD4+ and CD8+ mutation-specific T cell responses against predicted neoepitopes | [47,48] |