Table 8.
LNP-entrapped IVT mRNA vaccines for prevention of COVID-19 in preclinical trials.
| Vaccine Platform | Disease Target | Antigen | Delivery Platform | Preclinical/ Clinical Setting | Immune Response | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| m1Ѱ IVT mRNA | SARS-CoV-2 | RBD in trimeric form, S1 | GenVoy-ILM | Mice | - Induction of T follicular helper cells and GC B responses - Activation of Th1 CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses - Production of RBD-specific IgG antibodies, potent neutralizing antibodies, cross-reactive antibodies that neutralize SARS-CoV |
[71] |
| m1Ѱ IVT mRNA ARCoV) | SARS-CoV-2 | RBD in trimeric form | ionizable lipid:DSPC: cholesterol:PEG-lipid, 50:10:38.5:1.5 | Mice/ Phase I (NCT04283461) | - RBD protein expression at injection site, liver, APCs - Production of RBD-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies and Th1-biased cellular response - Protection of 100% of mice against the viral challenge |
[72] |
| m1Ѱ IVT mRNA (RQ3011-RBD, RQ3012-S, RQ3013-VLP) | SARS-CoV-2 | RBD in monomeric form, S, S + M + E | ionizable lipid: phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol: PEG-lipid, 50:10:38.5:1.5 | Mice | - Failure of RQ3011-RBD to produce significant antibody titers even after a booster dose - Production by RQ3013-VLP of S-specific and neutralizing antibodies, and induction of a cellular response |
[73] |
| IVT mRNA | SARS-CoV-2 | RBD-hFc | ionizable lipid:DSPC: cholesterol:DMG-PEG, 50:10:38.5:1.5 | Mice | - Production of specific anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies that blocked viral infection - Activation of a Th1-biased cellular response |
[40] |
| m1Ѱ IVT mRNA | SARS-CoV-2 | RBD, SΔfurin | ionizable lipid: phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol: PEG-lipid, 50:10:38.5:1.5 | Mice | - Activation of Th1-biased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in lungs - Production of long-lived plasma cells, memory B cells, long-lasting neutralizing antibodies |
[74] |
| m1Ѱ IVT mRNA | SARS-CoV-2 | RBD | ionizable lipid: phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol: PEG-lipid, 50:10:38.5:1.5 | hACE2 transgenic mice | - Production of robust and durable neutralizing antibodies - Near-complete protection against wild SARS-CoV-2 challenge in the lungs |
[76] |
| m1Ѱ IVT mRNA | SARS-CoV-2 | RBD, SΔfurin | ionizable lipid: phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol: PEG-lipid, 50:10:38.5:1.5 | Mice | - Induced more potent GC B, T follicular helper cells, long-lived plasma cells, and memory B cells than recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein with an MF59-like adjuvant | [77] |