Table 1.
The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines based on RCT studies before the Omicron pandemic.
| Types of vaccine | No. of studies | RR (95% CI) | P h/I 2 (%)& | VE (%) (95% CI)# | P | Vaccine name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection | ||||||
| Overall | 6 | 0.336 (0.235, 0.481) | <0.001/89.8 | 66.4 (51.9, 76.5) | <0.001 | |
| RNA-based vaccine | 2 | 0.306 (0.148, 0.635) | 0.013/83.8 | 69.4 (36.5, 85.8) | 0.001 | mRNA-1273 |
| Inactivated virus | 3 | 0.319 (0.252, 0.403) | 0.536/0.0 | 68.1 (59.7, 74.8) | <0.001 | HB02; WIV04; BBV152 |
| Viral vector (non-replicating) | 1 | 0.474 (0.394, 0.570) | NA | 52.6 (43.0, 61.6) | <0.001 | ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 |
| To prevent symptomatic COVID-19 | ||||||
| Overall | 19 | 0.203 (0.141, 0.292) | <0.001/95.0 | 79.7 (70.8, 85.9) | <0.001 | |
| RNA-based vaccine | 5 | 0.086 (0.072, 0.102) | 0.766/0.0 | 91.4 (89.8, 92.8) | <0.001 | BNT162b2; mRNA-1273 |
| Protein subunit | 3 | 0.178 (0.063, 0.503) | < 0.001/88.3 | 82.2 (49.7, 93.7) | 0.001 | NVX-CoV2373 |
| Inactivated virus | 6 | 0.281 (0.189, 0.419) | 0.001/76.2 | 71.9 (58.1, 81.1) | <0.001 | BBV152; CoronaVac; HB02; WIV04 |
| Viral vector (non-replicating) | 5 | 0.299 (0.212, 0.423) | <0.001/90 | 70.1 (57.7, 78.8) | <0.001 | ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; Ad26.COV2.S; Ad5-nCoV; Sputnik V |
| Male | 9 | 0.203 (0.138, 0.298) | <0.001/88.6 | 79.7 (71.2, 86.2) | <0.001 | HB02; WIV04; SCB-2019; NVX-CoV2373; mRNA-1273; BNT162b2; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; Ad5-nCoV; Ad26.COV2.S |
| Female | 9 | 0.206 (0.117, 0.364) | <0.001/92.5 | 79.4 (63.6, 88.3) | <0.001 | |
| 5-17 years old | 4 | 0.083 (0.069, 0.100) | 0.857/0.0 | 91.7 (90.0, 93.1) | <0.001 | BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 |
| 18-64 years old | 2 | 0.085 (0.067, 0.108) | 0.238/28.2 | 91.5 (89.2, 93.7) | <0.001 | |
| ≥65 years old | 2 | 0.075 (0.045, 0.124) | 0.388/0.0 | 92.5 (87.6, 95.5) | <0.001 | |
| To prevent severe COVID-19 | ||||||
| Overall | 12 | 0.064 (0.024, 0.171) | <0.001/68.9 | 93.6 (82.9, 97.6) | <0.001 | |
| RNA-based vaccine | 2 | 0.016 (0.005, 0.057) | 0.637/0.0 | 98.4 (94.3, 99.5) | <0.001 | BNT162b2; mRNA-1273 |
| Protein subunit | 2 | 0.069 (0.009, 0.540) | 0.791/0.0 | 93.1 (46.0, 99.1) | 0.011 | NVX-CoV2373 |
| Inactivated virus | 4 | 0.103 (0.028, 0.383) | 0.896/0.0 | 89.7 (61.7, 97.2) | 0.001 | HB02; WIV04; CoronaVac; BBV152 |
| Viral vector (non-replicating) | 4 | 0.089 (0.022, 0.356) | 0.036/64.9 | 91.1 (64.4, 97.8) | 0.001 | ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; Ad5-nCoV; Ad26.COV2.S |
| To prevent asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection | ||||||
| Overall | 7 | 0.524 (0.400, 0.686) | 0.026/58.2 | 47.6 (31.4, 60.0) | <0.001 | |
| RNA-based vaccine | 2 | 0.464 (0.348, 0.618) | 0.248/25.0 | 53.6 (38.2, 65.2) | <0.001 | mRNA-1273 |
| Inactivated virus | 3 | 0.516 (0.334, 0.797) | 0.290/19.2 | 48.4 (20.3, 66.6) | 0.003 | HB02; WIV04; BBV152 |
| Viral vector (non-replicating) | 2 | 0.549 (0.251, 1.201) | 0.014/83.4 | 45.1 (-20.1, 74.9) | 0.133 | Ad26.COV2.S; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 |
#Vaccine efficacy = 100*(1–RR) %.
&NA, not available.