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. 2022 Aug 26;13:934746. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934746

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Copyright © 2022 Lee, Kang, Kim, Kim, Jeong, Hong, Fang, Kim, Lee, Kim and Park.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Ivermectin and gemcitabine combination increases cell apoptosis. (A) MIA PaCa-2 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of gemcitabine and ivermectin for 48 h. Apoptosis of MIA PaCa-2 cells was analyzed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) after Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) staining. (B) Graph showing the percentage of cells in early and late apoptosis Data represents the mean ± SD (n = 3). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared with the gemcitabine alone group. (C) mRNA expression levels in cells treated with the ivermectin and gemcitabine combination for 48 h were determined using PCR. (D) Protein expression levels were determined using western blotting after ivermectin and gemcitabine treatment. Data represents the mean ± SD (n = 3). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared with the gemcitabine alone group.