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The interactive association between renal senescence and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Various studies have demonstrated that renal senescence and CKD are closely related, both in vitro and in vivo. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of reno-protective factors, secretion of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors, activation of associated signaling pathways, autophagy inhibition, and immune deficiency, are considered to be involved in their complex interaction.
