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. 2022 Aug 26;13:981577. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.981577

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Copyright © 2022 Qi, Song, Wang, Yan and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Exercise and exercise-induced myokines in promoting angiogenesis. After exercise, the expression of IL-6, irisin, FSTL1, CXCL1, IGF-1 that promote angiogenesis increased in muscles, while the expression of CXCL10, which inhibits angiogenesis, decreased. These myokines regulate the expression of angiogenesis-related factors, such as VEGF, eNOS/NO and MMP, which play important roles in endothelial cell matrix degradation, endothelial cell migration and lumen formation, and synergistically promote angiogenesis. In addition, myokines also improve hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Together, these effects of myokines promote angiogenesis in brain, heart and muscle tissue. VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase (Create with BioRender.com).