TABLE 2.

Regression analysis of linear and quadratic trends for time series (T0, T1, and T2) of scales of physical distress and fear, physical and mental disability, resilience, and coping ability. Significant values of t probabilities are reported in bold type. Negative coefficients indicate a reduction in scale scores, while positive coefficients indicate an increase in time phases.

Variables grouping	Scales	Trend	Estimated coefficient	Std. error	t value	Pr (>|t|)	Cohen’s d	Effect size level
Physical distress and fear	NRS	linear	−2.04	0.260	−7.84	<0.001	3.018	Large
		quadratic	−3.89	0.376	−10.40	<0.001	4.003	Large
	P-FAS	linear	−1.18	0.571	−2.07	0.049	0.797	Medium
		quadratic	−2.61	0.939	−2.78	0.010	1.07	Large
	M-FAS	linear	−3.04	0.760	−3.99	<0.001	1.536	Large
		quadratic	−4.04	0.925	−4.36	<0.001	1.678	Large
	FABQ	linear	−10.64	2.480	−4.28	<0.001	1.647	Large
		quadratic	−7.29	3.450	−2.11	0.044	0.812	Large
Physical and mental disability	FIQ	linear	−7.82	1.670	−4.70	<0.001	1.809	Large
		quadratic	−8.46	1.840	−4.59	<0.001	1.767	Large
	A-FIQ	linear	−0.82	0.353	−2.33	0.028	0.897	Large
		quadratic	−1.32	0.472	−2.80	0.009	1.078	Large
	PSF-12	linear	6.58	1.360	4.85	<0.001	1.867	Large
		quadratic	7.56	1.520	4.99	<0.001	1.921	Large
	MSF-12	linear	2.94	2.130	1.38	0.180
		quadratic	5.40	1.870	2.89	0.008	1.112	Large
Resilience	RSA-PS	linear	−0.79	0.776	−1.01	0.320
		quadratic	1.43	0.869	1.64	0.110
	RSA-PF	linear	0.79	0.518	1.52	0.140
		quadratic	2.21	0.772	2.87	0.008	1.105	Large
	RSA-SC	linear	0.61	0.396	1.53	0.140
		quadratic	1.96	0.735	2.67	0.013	1.028	Large
	RSA-SS	linear	0.11	0.478	0.22	0.820
		quadratic	1.39	0.475	2.93	0.007	1.128	Large
	RSA-FC	linear	0.25	0.468	0.53	0.600
		quadratic	−0.46	0.710	−0.65	0.520
	RSA-SR	linear	1.64	0.739	2.22	0.035	0.854	Large
		quadratic	2.21	1.410	1.57	0.130
Coping ability	CSQR-DS	linear	−0.07	1.032	−0.07	0.940
		quadratic	−0.07	1.122	−0.07	0.950
	CSQR-CT	linear	−1.50	0.986	−1.52	0.140
		quadratic	−3.43	1.890	−1.81	0.081
	CSQR-IPS	linear	−0.86	1.206	−0.71	0.480
		quadratic	2.00	1.450	1.38	0.180
	CSQR-DFP	linear	2.29	1.100	2.07	0.048	0.797	Medium
		quadratic	1.07	1.290	0.83	0.410
	CSQR-CSS	linear	−0.04	0.798	−0.04	0.960
		quadratic	0.68	0.960	0.71	0.490
	CSQR-Pray	linear	−1.86	0.541	−3.43	0.002	1.320	Large
		quadratic	0.14	1.006	0.14	0.890

Note: NRS, numeric rating scale; P-FAS, physical fatigue assessment scale; M-FAS, mental fatigue assessment scale; FABQ, fear avoidance belief questionnaire; FIQ, fibromyalgia impact questionnaire; A-FIQ, anxiety fibromyalgia impact questionnaire; PSF-12, physical 12-item short form survey; MSF-12, mental 12-item short form survey; RSA, resilience scale for adults (subscales: PS, perception of self; PF, planned future; SC, social competence; SS, structured style; FC, family cohesion; SR, Social Resources); CSQR, coping strategies questionnaire-revised (subscale: DS, distraction; CT, catastrophizing; IPS, ignoring pain sensations; DFP, distancing from pain; CSS, coping self-statements; Pray = Praying).