Table 5. Ranking of validity and reliability and practicability scores for marmosets, 56 indies (n=6 respondents).
56 macaque indicators from Truelove et al. (2020) | Q3. Of the 56 indices, which do you think are the most valid and reliable for assessing NHP welfare? | Q4. How practical are the indices you selected for assessing NHP welfare? | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Potential indicator | Count (n) | Valid, reliable (%) | Count (n) | Practical (%) |
Body weight ## | 6 | 100 | 6 | 100.0 |
NHP induced injuries ## | 6 | 100 | 5 | 83.3 |
Cage furniture ^ | 6 | 100 | 6 | 100.0 |
Huddled posture # | 5 | 83.3 | 5 | 100.0 |
Mortality ## | 5 | 83.3 | 5 | 100.0 |
Blood in faeces/urine ## | 5 | 83.3 | 5 | 100.0 |
Environmentally induced injuries ## | 5 | 83.3 | 4 | 80.0 |
Physical enrichment ^ | 5 | 83.3 | 5 | 100.0 |
Self-harm behaviour # | 4 | 66.7 | 4 | 100.0 |
Stereotypy # | 4 | 66.7 | 4 | 100.0 |
Appetite # | 4 | 66.7 | 4 | 100.0 |
Food enrichment ^ | 4 | 66.7 | 4 | 100.0 |
Cage dimensions ^ | 4 | 66.7 | 3 | 75.0 |
Visual barriers within cages ^ | 4 | 66.7 | 4 | 100.0 |
Humidity ^^ | 4 | 66.7 | 3 | 75.0 |
Room temperature ^^ | 4 | 66.7 | 3 | 75.0 |
Room ventilation ^^ | 4 | 66.7 | 3 | 75.0 |
Light intensity ^^ | 4 | 66.7 | 3 | 75.0 |
Staff training ++ | 4 | 66.7 | 4 | 100.0 |
Animal caregiver observations ++ | 4 | 66.7 | 4 | 100.0 |
Disease surveillance ++ | 4 | 66.7 | 4 | 100.0 |
Discharges ## | 3 | 50.0 | 3 | 100.0 |
Dyspnoea ## | 3 | 50.0 | 3 | 100.0 |
Social enrichment ^ | 3 | 50.0 | 3 | 100.0 |
See other NHPs ^ | 3 | 50.0 | 3 | 100.0 |
See humans ^ | 3 | 50.0 | 3 | 100.0 |
Vertical space ^ | 3 | 50.0 | 3 | 100.0 |
Visual barriers between cages ^ | 3 | 50.0 | 3 | 100.0 |
Provision of variety of food ^ | 3 | 50.0 | 2 | 66.7 |
Hear other NHPs ^^ | 3 | 50.0 | 3 | 100.0 |
Health monitoring programme ++ | 3 | 50.0 | 2 | 66.7 |
Humane euthanasia programme ++ | 3 | 50.0 | 2 | 66.7 |
Daily number of meals ++ | 3 | 50.0 | 3 | 100.0 |
Daily timing of meals ++ | 3 | 50.0 | 3 | 100.0 |
Rearing history + | 3 | 50.0 | 2 | 66.7 |
Weaning age + | 3 | 50.0 | 2 | 66.7 |
Frequency of moves during lifetime + | 3 | 50.0 | 1 | 33.3 |
Frequency of sedations during lifetime + | 3 | 50.0 | 1 | 33.3 |
Frequency of surgeries during lifetime + | 3 | 50.0 | 2 | 66.7 |
Fear of other NHPs # | 2 | 33.3 | 2 | 100.0 |
Behavioural management programme ++ | 2 | 33.3 | 2 | 100.0 |
Positive reinforcement training ++ | 2 | 33.3 | 2 | 100.0 |
Frequency of inoculations during lifetime + | 2 | 33.3 | 1 | 50.0 |
Frequency of medical procedures during lifetime + | 2 | 33.3 | 1 | 50.0 |
Cage position ^ | 2 | 33.3 | 1 | 50.0 |
Field of view ^ | 2 | 33.3 | 2 | 100.0 |
Social density ^ | 2 | 33.3 | 2 | 100.0 |
Environmental complexity ^ | 2 | 33.3 | 2 | 100.0 |
Prolapse ## | 1 | 16.7 | 1 | 100.0 |
Sensory enrichment ^ | 1 | 16.7 | 1 | 100.0 |
Destructible enrichment ^ | 1 | 16.7 | 1 | 100.0 |
Provision of browse ^ | 1 | 16.7 | 1 | 100.0 |
Manipulanda ^ | 1 | 16.7 | 1 | 100.0 |
Intentional exposure to novelty ++ | 1 | 16.7 | 1 | 100.0 |
Room cleaning frequency ++ | 1 | 16.7 | 1 | 100.0 |
Frequency of chair restraint + | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
NHP=non-human primates.