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. 2023 May 22;11:272. Originally published 2022 Mar 3. [Version 3] doi: 10.12688/f1000research.109380.3

Table 5. Ranking of validity and reliability and practicability scores for marmosets, 56 indies (n=6 respondents).

56 macaque indicators from Truelove et al. (2020) Q3. Of the 56 indices, which do you think are the most valid and reliable for assessing NHP welfare? Q4. How practical are the indices you selected for assessing NHP welfare?
Potential indicator Count (n) Valid, reliable (%) Count (n) Practical (%)
Body weight ## 6 100 6 100.0
NHP induced injuries ## 6 100 5 83.3
Cage furniture ^ 6 100 6 100.0
Huddled posture # 5 83.3 5 100.0
Mortality ## 5 83.3 5 100.0
Blood in faeces/urine ## 5 83.3 5 100.0
Environmentally induced injuries ## 5 83.3 4 80.0
Physical enrichment ^ 5 83.3 5 100.0
Self-harm behaviour # 4 66.7 4 100.0
Stereotypy # 4 66.7 4 100.0
Appetite # 4 66.7 4 100.0
Food enrichment ^ 4 66.7 4 100.0
Cage dimensions ^ 4 66.7 3 75.0
Visual barriers within cages ^ 4 66.7 4 100.0
Humidity ^^ 4 66.7 3 75.0
Room temperature ^^ 4 66.7 3 75.0
Room ventilation ^^ 4 66.7 3 75.0
Light intensity ^^ 4 66.7 3 75.0
Staff training ++ 4 66.7 4 100.0
Animal caregiver observations ++ 4 66.7 4 100.0
Disease surveillance ++ 4 66.7 4 100.0
Discharges ## 3 50.0 3 100.0
Dyspnoea ## 3 50.0 3 100.0
Social enrichment ^ 3 50.0 3 100.0
See other NHPs ^ 3 50.0 3 100.0
See humans ^ 3 50.0 3 100.0
Vertical space ^ 3 50.0 3 100.0
Visual barriers between cages ^ 3 50.0 3 100.0
Provision of variety of food ^ 3 50.0 2 66.7
Hear other NHPs ^^ 3 50.0 3 100.0
Health monitoring programme ++ 3 50.0 2 66.7
Humane euthanasia programme ++ 3 50.0 2 66.7
Daily number of meals ++ 3 50.0 3 100.0
Daily timing of meals ++ 3 50.0 3 100.0
Rearing history + 3 50.0 2 66.7
Weaning age + 3 50.0 2 66.7
Frequency of moves during lifetime + 3 50.0 1 33.3
Frequency of sedations during lifetime + 3 50.0 1 33.3
Frequency of surgeries during lifetime + 3 50.0 2 66.7
Fear of other NHPs # 2 33.3 2 100.0
Behavioural management programme ++ 2 33.3 2 100.0
Positive reinforcement training ++ 2 33.3 2 100.0
Frequency of inoculations during lifetime + 2 33.3 1 50.0
Frequency of medical procedures during lifetime + 2 33.3 1 50.0
Cage position ^ 2 33.3 1 50.0
Field of view ^ 2 33.3 2 100.0
Social density ^ 2 33.3 2 100.0
Environmental complexity ^ 2 33.3 2 100.0
Prolapse ## 1 16.7 1 100.0
Sensory enrichment ^ 1 16.7 1 100.0
Destructible enrichment ^ 1 16.7 1 100.0
Provision of browse ^ 1 16.7 1 100.0
Manipulanda ^ 1 16.7 1 100.0
Intentional exposure to novelty ++ 1 16.7 1 100.0
Room cleaning frequency ++ 1 16.7 1 100.0
Frequency of chair restraint + 0 0.0 0 0.0

NHP=non-human primates.