Table 2. A summary of the significant upregulated and downregulated miRNAs, and their relative roles in PDAC carcinogenesis.

miRNA	Express status	Target genes/signaling pathways	Role in PC	Reference
miR-573	Downregulated	TSPAN1	Inhibition of PC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion, as well as tumor growth suppression in vivo	(8)
miR-139	Downregulated	RalB	Suppression of PC cell growth and metastasis	(20)
miR-122-5p	Downregulated	CCNG1	Proliferation, migration, and invasion are decreased in vitro, and tumorigenesis is prevented in vivo	(21)
miR-505	Downregulated	HK2	Inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion, sphere formation, glucose consumption, and lactate production	(22)
miR-125b	Upregulated	Txnip	Promotion of proliferation and migration	(23)
miR-132-3p	Upregulated	Rb1	Promotion of PC cell growth	(24)
miR-543	Upregulated	STK31	Promotion of PC cell growth	(25)
miR-361-3p	Upregulated	B-cell Translocation Gene 2	Inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and stimulation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis	(26)
miR-217	Upregulated	KRAS	The overexpression of miR-217 in a pancreatic tumor cell line lowers KRAS levels, inhibits cell proliferation, and diminishes the constitutive phosphorylation of the downstream signal transducer protein kinase B	(27)
miR-27a	Upregulated	Sprouty2	Promotion of PC cell growth	(28)

miRNA, micro RNA; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PC, pancreatic cancer; KRAS, kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene.