TABLE 4.
Summary of studies investigating KRAS mutations in clinical tissue samples of pancreatic cancer
| Sequencing | Specimen | No. (%) of patients | Ref. a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assay | Target KRAS codons | Preservation | Tumor extension | Examined lesion | KRAS mutant | Total | |
| Sanger | 12/13/61 | FFPE | All | Primary or metastatic | 71 (52) | 136 | 35 |
| Sanger | 12/13 | FFPE | Resectable | Primary | 105 (68) | 153 | 36 |
| Sanger | 12/13/61 | FFPE | Resectable | Primary | 136 (80) | 170 | 37 |
| Sanger | 12/13/61 | FFPE or fresh tissue | Locally advanced + metastatic | Primary | 214 (88) | 242 | 38 |
| Sanger | 12/13 | FFPE | All | Primary | 92 (79) | 117 | 39 |
| Pyrosequencing | 12/13 | FFPE | Resectable | Primary | 109 (87) | 126 | 48 |
| Pyrosequencing | 12/13 | FFPE | Locally advanced + metastatic | Primary or metastatic | 121 (70) | 173 | 40 |
| TaqMan allelic discrimination | 12/13 | Fresh frozen | Locally advanced + metastatic | Primary | 147 (67) | 219 | 41 |
| PCR (SSCP) | 12/13/61 | Fresh frozen | Resectable | Primary | 134 (78) | 171 | 42 |
| PCR (RFLP) | 12/13 | FFPE | Resectable | Primary | 126 (54) | 234 | 43 |
| NGS | All | Fresh frozen | Resectable | Primary | 96 (96) | 100 | 44 |
| NGS | All | Fresh frozen | Resectable | Primary | 100 (92) | 109 | 45 |
| NGS | All | FFPE | Resectable | Primary | 262 (93) | 283 | 49 |
| NGS | All | FFPE | Resectable | Primary | 328 (92) | 356 | 46 |
| NGS | All | Fresh frozen | Resectable | Primary | 420 (92) | 456 | 47 |
| ddPCR | 12/13/61 | FFPE | Resectable | Primary | 1139 (98) | 1162 | Current study |
Abbreviations: ddPCR, droplet digital PCR; FFPE, formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded; NGS, next‐generation sequencing; Ref., reference; RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism; SSCD, single‐strand conformation polymorphism.
a
We included studies examining KRAS mutations for ≥100 patients.