Table 1.

The validity and reliability of variables.

Variables	Factor loadings	CR	AVE
A. Four first-order factors of internet addiction ${\text{χ}}_{(126)}^2$ = 342.411, p<0.001; CFI = 0.949; TLI = 0.939; RMSEA = 0.075; SRMR = 0.047
Sym-CW	0.814	0.923	0.665
	0.767
	0.864
	0.791
	0.840
	0.815
Sym-T	0.860	0.885	0.659
	0.895
	0.678
	0.798
RP-IH	0.768	0.870	0.625
	0.830
	0.806
	0.757
RP-TM	0.828	0.871	0.628
	0.798
	0.806
	0.735
B. Overall model ${\text{χ}}_{(242)}^2$ = 585.267, p<0.001; CFI = 0.918; TLI = 0.906; RMSEA = 0.068; SRMR = 0.054
Real-life social support	0.617	0.863	0.515
	0.709
	0.753
	0.632
	0.797
	0.776
Hope	0.735	0.838	0.464
	0.752
	0.664
	0.588
	0.647
	0.689
Loneliness	0.709	0.894	0.515
	0.855
	0.696
	0.687
	0.839
	0.631
	0.638
	0.651
Internet addiction	0.743	0.881	0.653
	0.678
	0.935
	0.853

CR, composite reliability; AVE, average variance extracted.