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. 2022 Sep 7;13(3):19476035221121792. doi: 10.1177/19476035221121792

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© The Author(s) 2022

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 5. — Chondrocytes show sexual dimorphism in gene expression of PCM proteins. (A-B) No difference between male and female was detected in the expression of COL2A1 and ACAN. (C) SOX9 was higher in male chondrocytes. (D-E) COL10A1 and COL11A1 were not dimorphic. (F-H) The PCM genes COL6A1, COL9A1, and DCN were expressed in a sex-dependent manner, although HSPG2 (I) was not dimorphic. (J-K) No difference was observed in ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 expression. (L-O) MMP1, MMP9, and MMP13 were similar between sexes, but MMP3 showed a trend for higher expression in females. (P-Q) None of the TIMPs tested were differentially expressed depending on the sex of the cell. Data are presented as mean ± SD of relative quantity to normalizer (geometric mean of 18S and GAPDH). Cells from 6♂ + 6♀ were used in passage 0. PCM = pericellular matrix; MMP = metalloprotease; ADAMTS = a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs; DCN = decorin; TIMP = tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases; ACAN = agreccan; COL = collagen; SOX9 = SRY (sex determining region Y)-Box 9; HSPG2 = heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (perlecan); GAPDH = glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.