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Implant surfaces from devices explanted for mechanical malfunction, preserved with formalin, dried, gold sputter-coated and visualized by scanning electron microscope, (A) pump, (B) cylinder. (A) Surface features and apparent bacterial biofilms sequestered in an implant crevice; surface irregularities are favored for bacterial attachment. (B) Surface texture and extensive cellular colonization among biological debris, morphology is consistent with white cells.
