Table 6.

The perspective of SDOs and industrial forums on using AI and ML.

Projects	Objectives
ETSI ISG ENI [50]	The Industry Specification Group on Experiential Networked Intelligence (ISG ENI) manages establishing policies that use AI mechanisms to improve the operator practical experience by identifying and combining evolving knowledge, allowing operators to make more prompt decisions, and aiding in network management and orchestration.
ITU FG-ML5G [51]	The goal of the ML5G Focus Group was to undertake an ML evaluation for future networks and to highlight significant gaps and concerns in standardized processes associated with this topic. In addition, technical elements such as use cases, requirements, and architectures are examined. The Focus Group operated as an open venue for specialists from ITU members and non-members to go forward with ML research linked to future networks, including 5G.
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC42 [52]	Establish a set of standards for determining the context, resources, and processes for creating and deploying AI applications. It can be used by ISO, IEC, and JTC1 technical committees and subcommittees to expand on this work in developing standards for AI applications in their respective areas of interest. The recommendations give a high-level overview of the AI application environment, stakeholders and their responsibilities, the system’s life cycle, and common AI application features.
TM Forum Smart BPM [53,54]	SMART business process management (BPM) enables digital transformation catalyst who has previously proved the benefits of automated operations. This was accomplished through a business “process mining” and the instruments of adaptive discovery and orchestration of workflows. The use of analytics and big data also provided insights that enabled to leverage of user experience and network optimization.