AKT	protein kinase B
ALN-oHA-S-S-CU	poly-alendronate-ialuronane-S-S-curcumin
BMD	bone mineral density
CGF	Concentrated Growth Factors
CTX	C-Terminal Telopeptide
CU	Curcumin
CU-NPr	nanoparticles coated with curcumin
CU-Lip	Curcumin-loaded liposomes
DK1	(Z)-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one
DNMT1	DNA Methyltransferase 1
e-hPDLSC	endothelial-differentiated hPDLSC
ECM	extracellular matrix
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
GRAS	General Recognition and Safety
GUSB	β-glucuronidase
hADSCs	human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
hBM-MSCs	mesenchymal stem cells derived from human bone marrow
hPDLSC	Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell
hUC-MSC	Human Umbilical Cord- derived Stem cell
L48H37	1-ethyl-3,5-bis((E)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)piperidin-4-one
LPS-G	Lipopolysaccaride obtained from Porphyromonas gingivalis
MSC	Mesenchymal Stem Cell
NFkB	Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells
NLRP3	NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3
NS-J	combination of CU, ginger, vitamin D, L. rhamnosus, and Boswellia extract
OB	osteoblasts
OP	osteoporosis
OPG	osteoprotegerin
OS	Osteosarcoma
PAO1	Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
PFs	phenolic compounds
PI3K	Phosphatidylinossitol-3-kinase
PLA	Poly DL-lactic acid
PM	postemenopausal
PVL	Panton-Valentine Leukocidin toxin
Q	Quercetin
RANKL	RANK Ligand
RCT	randomised control trial
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
RSV	Resveratrol
SIRT1	Activates Sirtuin 1
TLR4	Tool-like receptor 4
TNF	Tumour Necrosis Factor
[25(OH)D]	25 vitamin D hydroxylase