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. 2022 Sep 2;11(17):2301. doi: 10.3390/plants11172301

Table 3.

Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of unroasted and roasted sweet and bitter lupin seeds oil.

Lupin Seed Oils
Bioactive Content Sweet Lupin Seeds Oil Bitter Lupin Seeds Oil
Unroasted Roasted Unroasted Roasted
Phytosterols (mg/100 g)
Campesterol 74.61 ± 1.57 b 70.42 ± 1.43 c 77.35 ± 3.54 a 65.85 ± 2.1 d
Stigmasterol 0.93 ± 0.07 b 0.03 ± 0.05 d 1.35 ± 0.09 a 0.72 ± 0.15 c
β-sitosterol 326.57 ±3.91 a 306.76 ± 3.61 b 303.8 ± 6.10 b 270.62 ± 8.7 c
Δ-5 avenasterol 7.91 ± 0.22 c 5.34 ± 0.39 d 59.13 ± 5.9 a 45.95 ± 2.15 b
Brassicasterol 0.39 ± 0.15 b 0.1 ± 0.01 d 0.96 ± 0.18 a 0.27 ± 0.25 c
Total 406.18 382.65 442.59 383.41
Carotenoids (mg/kg)
Lutein 0.65 ± 0.15 a 0.17 ± 0.05 c 0.31 ± 0.03 b 0.07 ± 0.05 d
Zeaksantyna 1.24 ± 0.17 a 0.77 ± 0.15 b 0.03 ± 0.05 c ND
β-Carotene 99.3 ± 0.36 a 97.97 ± 0.6 b 66.57 ± 0.68 c 65.57 ± 0.35 d
Antioxidant activity
AOA % 74.22 76.7 66.63 72.89
EC50 (mg oil) 43.74 30.17 62.68 41.34
1/EC50x1000 23 33 16 24

TPC = total phenolic content (µg Gallic acid/1 g oil), AOA% = antioxidant activity (value represents the percent inhibition of oxidation of the linoleic acid/β-carotene emulation), EC50 = concentration of extract that causes a 50% decrease in DPPH absorbance, 1/EC50 = antiradical power. The values with a different letter in the same row had significant differences. ND = not detected.