Table 3.

Comparison of antenna performance for wearable and implantable medical devices.

Reference	Antenna Type	Size	Substrate	Gain (dBi)	Frequency (GHz)	SAR (1 g Average) W/Kg	PCE (%)
[83]	Implantable dual-band miniaturized circular antenna	10.8 mm	Rogers RO 3210	−23.2	0.42–0.91	0.36	58
[94]	Implantable slot antenna array	30 × 30 mm	Rogers 3010	−26	0.915	175	50
[95]	Silicon Carbide implantable antenna	4.5 × 4.5 mm	Semi insulating (4H-SiC)	—-	10	——	47.4
[96]	Quad-Band Implantable Antenna	8.43 mm${}^3$	RO3010	–34, –29.6, –28.2, –22.4	0.403, 0.915, 0.147, 2.4	0.87	0.67
[97]	Broadband Implantable Antenna	91.44 mm${}^3$	Rogers 6010	–32, –34	0.72–1.504	921	——
[98]	Compacted Conformal Implantable Antenna	48.98 mm${}^3$	Rogers ULTRALAM	−30.8, −19.7, −18.7	0.402, 0.915, 1.2	293.7	——
[99]	Broadband Substrate-Independent Textile Wearable Antenna	0.312 × 0.312 ${\lambda }^2$	Felt and Polycotton	2.2	0.9	1.52	40
[100]	A circular microstrip patch wearable antenna	42.92 × 42.92 mm	Duroid 6010LM	——	2.45	—	25.5
[101]	Wearable Bandenna	35 mm (outer radius)	silicone	5	2.45	——	——
[102]	Folded Dipole Wearable Antenna	0.212 × 0.212 ${\lambda }^2$	Kapton	−0.3	0.94	——	78.5