Table 3.

Antiproliferative activity of GSLs hydrolyzed compounds (isothiocyanates, ITCs).

Compounds	Cell Lines/In Vivo Models	Activity	Reference
Benzyl-ITCs	HT29 colon carcinoma cells	Apoptosis induction	[90]
	BxPC-3 cells	Cell cycle arrest, apoptotic induction, inhibition of NF-κB	[91]
	Hamsters	Protection against pancreatic carcinogenesis initiation	[92]
	Caco-2 and LS-174 cells	Growth inhibition	[93]
	HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line	Activation of PARP cleavage and caspase-3	[94]
Allyl-ITCs	Swiss albino mice	Inhibition of cyclophophamide-induced urotoxicity	[95]
	PC-3 xenografts	Growth inhibition	[96]
	LNCaP cells	Apoptosis induction and growth inhibition by G2/M arrest	[97]
	Human myeloblastic leukemia-1 cells	Inhibition of HL60 (p53-) and (p53þ)	[98]
4-Methylsulfinylbutyl-ITCs	Hamsters	Protective activity against pancreatic carcinogenesis initiation	[92]
	MDA-MB-231 cells	Growth inhibition	[89]
	Mice	Benzo(a)pyrene-induced forestomach cancer inhibition	[99]
	L-1210 and ME-18 cells	Growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis	[100]
	HepG2 cells	Growth inhibition	[101]
	PC-3 cells	Caspases-mediated apoptosis	[102]
	Medulloblastoma cells	Caspases-mediated apoptosis	[103]
	DU-145 cells	Growth inhibition	[104]
	LNCaP cells	Growth inhibition	[93]
	Human T-cell leukemia	Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest	[105]
	HT29 cells	Growth inhibition	[106]
	F344 rats	Azoxymethane-induced colonic crypt foci inhibition	[107]
Phenylethyl-ITCs	F344 rats	Tumorigenicity and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced DNA adduct inhibition	[84]
	Rats	Azoxymethane-induced colonic crypt foci inhibition	[108]
	DU-145 and LNCaP cells	Enhancement of p21 protein and G0–G1 arrest	[109]
	F344 rats	Azoxymethane-induced colonic crypt foci inhibition	[107]
	p53-deficient PC-3 cells	Apoptosis induction	[110]
	LNCaP cells	Apoptosis induction	[111]
	Rats	Urinary bladder tumorigenesis inhibition	[112]
	HT29 cells	Caspase-3 activation and Inhibition of NF-κB activity	[113]
	HL60 cells	Protein kinase C inhibition	[114]
	Leukemia and human bladder carcinoma cells	Growth inhibition	[115]
	Rats	4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1(3-pyridyl)-1-butone-induced pulmonary neoplasia	[116]
	Ovarian cancer cells	Apoptosis induction	[117]
7-Methylsulfinylheptyl-ITCs	MDA-MB-231 cells	Suppression of activity	[118]
Indole ethyl-ITCs	SH-S454, SMS-KCNR, SK-N-SH, IMR-32 cells	Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects	[119]
Phenylmethyl-ITCs	HeLa cells	Caspase-3 activation	[120]
Phenyl-ITCs	Swiss albino mice	Cyclophophamide-induced urotoxicity inhibition	[95]
Phenylbenzyl-ITCs	HeLa cells	Caspase-3 activation	[120]

Some portions of the table are reproduced from Vig et al. [121] with permission (originally Table 6).