| AM | amplitude modulated |
| AM-FM | amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated |
| the variance operator | |
| the expectation operator | |
| EEMD | ensemble empirical mode decomposition |
| EMD | empirical mode decomposition |
| the notation of Fourier transform | |
| GMPSO | genetic mutation particle swarm optimization |
| IMF | intrinsic modal function |
| SK | spectral kurtosis |
| TKEO | Teager–Kaiser energy operator |
| VMD | variational mode decomposition |
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