Table 4.

Bioactive compounds from mamey, açaí, passion fruit, lychee, jackfruit, and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Source	Compound	Classification	Activity	Reference
Açaí	Velutin	Flavone	Inhibit SEAP secretion Inhibited the expression of TNF-α and IL-6	[91,96]
Açaí pulp	Anthocyanins cyanidin-3-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside	Anthocyanins	↓ IL-6 and IFN-γ	[47]
Açaí seed extract	Catechin, epicatechin, and polymeric procyanidins	Polyphenols	↓ NF-κB and IL-6	[25]
Lychee	Catechin-type monomers and oligomers of proanthocyanidins	Flavanols and proanthocyanidins	Suppression of NF-κB activation and ↓ IL-6 and TNF-α	[97]
Lychee seed extract	21 compounds, including 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, procyanidin D, cianidanol, cinnamtannin B1, procyanidin A1, scopoletin, rutin, phlorizin and epicatechin–epicatechin– catechin	Polyphenols	↓ mRNA levels of NF-κB	[94]
Passion fruit peel flour	Vicenin, isoorientin, orientin, vitexin and isovitexin	C-glycosyl flavonoids	↓ IL-1β, Il-6 and IL-17	[20]
Purple passion fruit peel	Quercetin, luteolin, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside	Flavonoid	↓ NO levels	[98]
Yellow passion fruit peel flour	Ferulic acid	Hydroxycinnamic acid	↓ Lipid peroxidation ↑ GPx and GR in liver ↓ TNF-α and IL-1β Inactivation of JNK	[88]
Jackfruit	Artocarpesin	Flavone	Suppressed LPS-induced production of NO and PGE2, by downregulating inducible iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions	[86]
Jackfruit	Moracin C	Arylbenzofurane	Inhibited LPS-activated ROS and NO release, ↓ mRNA and protein expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α	[87]

SEAP: Secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; IL-6: interleukin-6; IFN-γ: interferon-gamma; PGE_2: prostaglandin E_2. GPx: glutathione peroxidase activity; GR: glutathione reductase; iNOS: inducible NO synthase; 12-HHT: 12(S)-hydroxy(5Z,8E,10E)-heptadecatrienoic acid; TXB2: thromboxane B2; 8- iso-PGF2α: 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-2′deoxyguanosine; MDA: malonaldehyde; JNK^MAPK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2; IP-10: interferon gamma-induced protein-10; MCP-1: monocyte chemotactic protein-1; ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule-1; VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; MRP1: multidrug resistance protein 1.