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Comparison between study areas’ structure, dimension, and orography. Both the Portuguese and Italian study areas have a flat and a more rugged terrain, with comparable dimensions and vineyard structure.
| Study Area | Area (ha) | Slope (%) | Spacing (m) Inter-Row × Intra-Row |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vallado | 1.5 | 20 | 2.2 × 1.3 |
| Chianti | 1.2 | 17 | 2.2 × 0.75 |
| Lousada | 2 | flat | 2.8 × 1.75 |
| Piacenza | 1 | flat | 2.4 × 1.0 |
