Table 1.
Bacterial bioherbicides and their impacts on targeted weeds.
| Bacterial Source | Target Weed(s) | Effect a | Mode of Action | Commercial | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curtobacterium sp. MA01 | Petunia spp. | - | Alters enzymatic and metabolic reactions including the degradation of protein synthesis and lipid peroxidation. | X | [32] |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens D7 | Aegilops cylindrica (jointed goatgrass); Bromus tectorum (downy brome); Taeniatherum caput-medusae (medusa-head) | ** | Colonizes root structures and interferes with the enzymes that use pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor. | X | [33,34] |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens D7 | Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) | * | X | [35] | |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens BRG100 | Setaria viridis (green foxtail) | - | Interferes with plant hormones and metabolism, inhibiting roots and shoots. | X | [22,36] |
| Pseudomonas viridiflava CDRTC14 | Lepidium draba (hoary cress) | - | Alters plant hormones and metabolism. | X | [37] |
| Xanthomonas campestris pv. poae (JT-P482) | Poa annua (annual bluegrass); Poa attenuata (meadow-grass) | **** | Suppresses growth and causes black rot disease. | Camperico™ | [29,32] |
| Xanthomonas campestris (LVA-987) | Ambrosia artemisifolia (common ragweed) | *** | Suppresses growth and causes black rot disease. | X | [30,31,32] |
| Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed) | *** | ||||
| Conyza canadensis (marestail) | **** | ||||
| Xanthomonas spp. (common cocklebur) | **** |
a Effect: (-) = not applicable/available, * = 0–25%, ** = 25–50%, *** = 50–75%, **** = 75–100% control/plant growth reduction. X = not commercially available.