Table 4.
Viral bioherbicides and their impact on targeted weeds.
| Virus Source | Target Weed(s) | Effect a | Mode of Action | Commercial | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Araujia Mosaic Virus | Araujia hortorum (moth plant) | - | Causes mosaic symptoms and leaf distortion in the plant. | X | [102] |
| Pepper mosaic virus (Óbuda Pepper Virus) | Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) | - | Causes biomass reduction and increased seed dormancy. | X | [104] |
| Tobacco rattle-like virus | Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam) | - | Develops necrotic spots on the plant. | X | [105] |
| Tobacco mild green mosaic virus | Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple) | **** | Triggers a hypersensitive response in S. viarum and causes necrotic local lesions. | SolviNix™ LC and WP (liquid concentrate and wettable powder) | [19,99,100] |
a Effect: (-) = not applicable/available, **** = 75–100% control/plant growth reduction. X = not commercially available.