Table 1.
Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the sampled households, overall and by gender.
| Overall (N = 914) |
Males (N = 426) |
Females (N = 488) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
| Age in years | 32.0 | 12.0 | 34.0 | 13.0 | 31.0 | 11.0 | ||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | p-value | ||
| Age Categories | 18–24 | 364 | 39.7 | 146 | 34.3 | 218 | 44.4 | 0.002 |
| >24 | 550 | 60.3 | 279 | 65.7 | 271 | 55.6 | ||
| BMI Classification | Underweight | 33 | 3.6 | 6 | 1.4 | 27 | 5.5 | <0.001 |
| Normal | 446 | 48.9 | 174 | 41.0 | 272 | 55.8 | ||
| Overweight | 284 | 30.9 | 163 | 38.2 | 120 | 24.6 | ||
| Obese | 151 | 16.6 | 83 | 19.4 | 69 | 14.1 | ||
| Gender | Male | 426 | 46.6 | 426 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | - |
| Female | 488 | 53.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 488 | 100.0 | ||
| Residency | Beirut | 120 | 13.1 | 63 | 14.8 | 57 | 11.7 | 0.003 |
| Mount Lebanon | 125 | 13.6 | 71 | 16.7 | 54 | 11.0 | ||
| South Lebanon | 105 | 11.4 | 36 | 8.5 | 68 | 14.0 | ||
| Beqaa | 118 | 13.0 | 62 | 14.5 | 57 | 11.7 | ||
| Baalbeck-Hermel | 108 | 11.8 | 44 | 10.2 | 64 | 13.2 | ||
| Akkar | 107 | 11.7 | 38 | 9.0 | 68 | 14.0 | ||
| Nabatieh | 116 | 12.7 | 58 | 13.7 | 58 | 11.9 | ||
| North Lebanon | 115 | 12.6 | 54 | 12.6 | 61 | 12.5 | ||
| Marital Status | Single | 467 | 51.2 | 198 | 46.6 | 269 | 55.2 | 0.002 |
| Married | 411 | 45.0 | 217 | 51.1 | 193 | 39.7 | ||
| Divorced | 17 | 1.8 | 6 | 1.2 | 11 | 2.3 | ||
| Widowed | 19 | 2.1 | 5 | 1.1 | 14 | 2.9 | ||
| Education Level | Illiterate | 10 | 1.0 | 5 | 1.3 | 4 | 0.8 | 0.567 |
| School level | 224 | 24.5 | 110 | 25.9 | 114 | 23.4 | ||
| University level | 680 | 74.4 | 310 | 72.9 | 370 | 75.8 | ||
| Current Occupation | Working | 369 | 40.4 | 217 | 50.9 | 152 | 31.2 | <0.001 |
| Not Working | 238 | 26.1 | 94 | 22.1 | 144 | 29.6 | ||
| Student | 260 | 28.4 | 104 | 24.3 | 156 | 32.0 | ||
| Other | 47 | 5.2 | 11 | 2.7 | 36 | 7.3 | ||
| Job Nature | Medical sector | 162 | 17.7 | 64 | 15.1 | 97 | 20.0 | 0.055 |
| Non-Medical sector | 752 | 82.3 | 361 | 84.9 | 390 | 80.0 | ||
| Household Crowding Index | No Crowding (≤1 person per room) | 453 | 49.6% | 214 | 50.2 | 239 | 49.0 | 0.917 |
| Crowding (1–1.5 person per room) | 201 | 22.0% | 92 | 21.7 | 109 | 22.3 | ||
| Over Crowding (>1.5 person per room) | 260 | 28.4% | 119 | 28.1 | 140 | 28.7 | ||
| Number of children | None | 516 | 56.5 | 222 | 52.2 | 294 | 60.3 | 0.024 |
| 3 or less | 298 | 32.7 | 147 | 34.7 | 151 | 30.9 | ||
| More than three | 100 | 10.8 | 57 | 13.2 | 43 | 8.8 | ||
| Household Composition | One adult | 93 | 10.1 | 46 | 10.8 | 47 | 9.6 | 0.848 |
| Multiple adults | 416 | 45.6 | 193 | 45.3 | 224 | 45.8 | ||
| One adult with at least one child | 95 | 10.4 | 41 | 9.6 | 54 | 11.1 | ||
| Multiple adults with at least one child | 310 | 33.9 | 147 | 34.3 | 164 | 33.5 | ||
| Age of Household Head | <35 years | 83 | 9.0 | 48 | 11.3 | 34 | 7.1 | 0.077 |
| 35–50 years | 349 | 38.2 | 158 | 37.1 | 191 | 39.2 | ||
| >50 years | 482 | 52.7 | 220 | 51.6 | 262 | 53.7 | ||
| Household head’s Education level | Illiterate | 60 | 6.5 | 18 | 4.3 | 41 | 8.4 | <0.001 |
| School level | 549 | 60.1 | 228 | 53.5 | 321 | 65.9 | ||
| University | 305 | 33.4 | 180 | 42.2 | 125 | 25.6 | ||
| Monthly Income | None | 64 | 7.0 | 31 | 7.2 | 33 | 6.8 | 0.002 |
| Less than 1.5 million L.B.P. | 160 | 17.5 | 60 | 14.2 | 99 | 20.4 | ||
| ≥1.5 million L.B.P. | 382 | 41.8 | 165 | 38.7 | 217 | 44.5 | ||
| ≤300 USD | 180 | 19.8 | 105 | 24.6 | 76 | 15.5 | ||
| More than 300 USD | 128 | 14.0 | 65 | 15.3 | 63 | 12.9 | ||
| Income status compared to other households | Less than most other Lebanese households | 438 | 48 | 177 | 41.8 | 261 | 53.5 | 0.001 |
| It is not different from the income of other Lebanese households | 319 | 34.9 | 170 | 39.9 | 149 | 30.6 | ||
| More than the income of other Lebanese households | 157 | 17 | 80 | 18.4 | 77 | 16 | ||
| Impact of Russia–Ukraine war on Monthly Income | My salary does not change | 566 | 62.0 | 270 | 63.5 | 296 | 60.7 | 0.009 |
| My salary decreases | 312 | 34 | 134 | 30.9 | 178 | 36.5 | ||
| My salary increases | 36 | 4.0 | 23 | 5.6 | 13 | 2.8 | ||
| Average Monthly Expenditure for Food at Home | Less than 675,000 LBP | 35 | 3.7 | 14 | 3.0 | 21 | 4.3 | 0.03 |
| 675,000–1 million LBP | 144 | 15.8 | 56 | 13.2 | 88 | 18.1 | ||
| 1 million–3 million LBP | 353 | 38.7 | 159 | 37.3 | 194 | 39.9 | ||
| More than 3 million LBP | 382 | 41.8 | 198 | 46.5 | 184 | 37.7 | ||
Bold means significant at p-value < 0.05.