Figure 2.

Effect direction plot summarising direction of student food behaviours in the dining room from studies that modified the practices of the routine meal service at secondary schools. LEGEND: Study design: C-RT, cluster randomised trial; C-NRT, cluster non-randomised trial; CBA, controlled before after study; BA, before after; NRT, non-randomised trial; studies include pre-post scores for single or multiple arm trials unless indicated as parallel arm or crossover beside study design. Study quality according to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist [74]: denoted by row colour: green = positive rating; amber = neutral rating. Effect direction: upward arrow ▲ = positive impact, downward arrow ▼ = negative impact, sideways arrow ◄► = no change or mixed effects for multiple outcomes. Subscript numbers: Number of outcomes within each category synthesis is 1 unless indicated in subscript beside effect direction. Sign test: excludes studies with mixed effects direction as they cannot be said to represent either a positive or a negative effect direction [86]. 95% CI (confidence interval): estimation for binomial proportions using the Wilson interval method [85]. y: year/s; m: month/s; w: week/s; d: day/s. SLHE: school lunch plus home economics intervention; SL: school lunch intervention; ✓: indicates the intervention has included components from the nominated NOURISHING framework domain [44,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,101,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125].