Table 4.
Intervention strategies categorized according to the NOURISHING frameworks’ domains and relevant action areas *.
| Food Environment | Food System | Behavior Change Communication | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | O | U | I | S | H | I | G | ||
| Author | Number of Action Areas Targeted | Nutrition Label Standards and Regulations on Use of Claims and Implied Claims on Food | Offer Healthy Food and Set Standards in Public Institutions or Other Settings | Use Economic Tools to Address Food Affordability and Purchase Incentives | Improve Nutritional Quality of the Whole Food Supply | Set Incentives and Rules to Create a Healthy Retail and Food Service Environment | Harness Food Supply Chain and Actions Across Sectors to Ensure Coherence with Health | Inform People about Food and Nutrition through Public Awareness | Give Nutrition Education and Skills |
| Interventions that include strategies across three domains: | |||||||||
| Bhatia et al., 2011 [44] | 6 | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||
| Bogart et al., 2011 [109] | 6 | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||
| Bogart et al., 2014 [88] | 6 | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||
| Bogart et al., 2018 [110] | 6 | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||
| Askelson et al., 2019 [117] | 5 | • | • | • | • | • | |||
| Greene et al., 2017 [91] | 5 | • | • | • | • | • | |||
| Madden et al., 2013 [105] | 5 | • | • | • | • | • | |||
| Prell et al., 2005 1. SL [101] | 5 | • | • | • | • | • | |||
| Prell et al., 2005 2. SLHE [101] | 5 | • | • | • | • | • | |||
| Quinn et al., 2018 [98] | 5 | • | • | • | • | • | |||
| Fritts et al., 2019 1. Phase 1 [120] | 4 | • | • | • | • | ||||
| Fritts et al., 2019 2. Phase 2 [120] | 4 | • | • | • | • | ||||
| Hanks et al., 2013 [97] | 4 | • | • | • | • | ||||
| Koch et al., 2020 [124] | 4 | • | • | • | • | ||||
| Pope et al., 2018 [94] | 4 | • | • | • | • | ||||
| Prescott et al., 2019 [99] | 4 | • | • | • | • | ||||
| Wansink et al., 2015 [95] | 4 | • | • | • | • | ||||
| Cullen et al., 2007 [114] | 3 | • | • | • | |||||
| D’Adamo et al., 2021 [113] | 3 | • | • | • | |||||
| Ellison et al., 1989a [115], 1989b [100] | 3 | • | • | • | |||||
| Ellison et al., 1990 [116] | 3 | • | • | • | |||||
| Just et al., 2014 [93] | 3 | • | • | • | |||||
| Interventions that include strategies across two domains: | |||||||||
| Bean et al., 2019 [102] | 4 | • | • | • | • | ||||
| Boehm et al., 2020 2. Nudges [96] | 3 | • | • | • | |||||
| Hackett et al., 1990 2. Fixed price [121] | 3 | • | • | • | |||||
| Sharma et al., 2018 [106] | 3 | • | • | • | |||||
| Chu et al., 2011 1. 66% wholewheat [118] | 2 | • | • | ||||||
| Chu et al., 2011 2. 100% wholewheat [118] | 2 | • | • | ||||||
| Cohen et al., 2012 [89], 2013 [119] | 2 | • | • | ||||||
| Cullen et al., 2015 [90] | 2 | • | • | ||||||
| Hackett et al., 1990 1. Dish of day [121] | 2 | • | • | ||||||
| Witschi et al., 1982 [125] | 2 | • | • | ||||||
| Interventions that include a strategy or strategies in one domain only: | |||||||||
| McCool et al., 2005 1. Phase 2 vs. 1 [108] | 3 | • | • | • | |||||
| McCool et al., 2005 2. Phase 3 [108] | 3 | • | • | • | |||||
| Elbel et al., 2015 [107] | 2 | • | • | ||||||
| Hanks et al., 2012 [122] | 2 | • | • | ||||||
| Boehm et al., 2020 1. Choices [96] | 1 | • | |||||||
| Cullen et al., 2008 [103]; Mendoza et al., 2010 [104] | 1 | • | |||||||
| Hunsberger et al., 2015 [123] | 1 | • | |||||||
| Schwartz et al., 2015 [92] | 1 | • | |||||||
| Turnin et al., 2016 [112] | 1 | • | |||||||
| Wansink et al., 2013 [111] | 1 | • | |||||||
| 3 | 26 | 4 | 19 | 21 | 25 | 22 | 18 | ||
* table excludes NOURISHING frameworks’ action areas not relevant for this review; * NOURISHING frameworks’ domains, denoted by shade colour: blue = food environment domain; green = food system domain; •: indicates the intervention has included the NOURISHING framework action area according to our classification.