Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with cardiometabolic diseases in NHANES III and NHANES 1999–2014 according to the tertiles of energy percentage from SFA, MUFA, and PUFA a.
| Characteristics | Tertile of SFA Intake | Tertile of MUFA Intake | Tertile of PUFA Intake | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | |
| Participants (n) | 2840 | 2851 | 2846 | 2845 | 2846 | 2846 | 2845 | 2849 | 2843 |
| Fatty acid intake (% of energy) | 7.19 | 10.77 | 14.92 | 8.58 | 12.29 | 16.65 | 4.47 | 7.03 | 10.67 |
| Male (%) | 45.05 | 49.17 | 50.90 | 42.57 | 47.53 | 54.40 | 46.97 | 48.68 | 49.92 |
| Age (years) | 62.38 | 61.76 | 59.98 | 62.37 | 62.32 | 59.57 | 61.33 | 61.92 | 60.74 |
| Race (%) | |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 63.76 | 72.69 | 76.75 | 67.45 | 69.70 | 76.18 | 70.40 | 70.79 | 72.96 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 15.10 | 13.57 | 12.17 | 12.94 | 14.07 | 13.59 | 12.50 | 14.53 | 13.64 |
| Mexican American | 7.47 | 6.07 | 5.07 | 7.03 | 6.80 | 4.83 | 6.25 | 6.63 | 5.57 |
| Others | 13.68 | 7.67 | 6.014 | 12.58 | 9.43 | 5.40 | 10.85 | 8.05 | 7.83 |
| Education level (%) | |||||||||
| Less than high school | 35.41 | 31.66 | 31.63 | 35.73 | 31.32 | 31.57 | 37.07 | 33.97 | 27.53 |
| High school or equivalent | 26.76 | 28.87 | 27.64 | 25.74 | 28.36 | 29.00 | 26.07 | 29.30 | 28.05 |
| College or above | 37.83 | 39.47 | 40.73 | 38.53 | 40.32 | 39.43 | 36.87 | 36.73 | 44.42 |
| Family income-poverty ratio level (%) | |||||||||
| <1.3 | 30.39 | 22.58 | 23.58 | 31.00 | 25.81 | 20.16 | 29.05 | 25.13 | 21.87 |
| 1.3–2.4 | 30.44 | 33.37 | 30.89 | 31.03 | 32.11 | 31.59 | 31.36 | 33.72 | 29.82 |
| ≥2.4 | 39.17 | 44.05 | 45.53 | 37.96 | 42.08 | 48.25 | 39.59 | 41.15 | 48.31 |
| BMI group (%) | |||||||||
| <18.5 | 1.66 | 1.12 | 0.67 | 1.456 | 1.46 | 1.05 | 0.86 | 1.934 | 0.64 |
| 18.5–25 | 23.27 | 18.90 | 17.97 | 22.73 | 22.73 | 17.43 | 21.89 | 20.30 | 17.59 |
| 25–30 | 31.73 | 31.50 | 30.95 | 31.66 | 31.66 | 30.43 | 33.06 | 29.64 | 31.31 |
| ≥30 | 43.34 | 48.48 | 50.41 | 44.15 | 44.15 | 51.10 | 44.19 | 48.13 | 50.46 |
| Smoking status (%) | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 45.50 | 42.48 | 39.61 | 46.10 | 43.91 | 37.93 | 42.11 | 42.54 | 42.50 |
| Former smoker | 38.10 | 37.84 | 37.75 | 36.53 | 36.61 | 40.10 | 37.20 | 37.06 | 39.31 |
| Current smoker | 16.40 | 19.68 | 22.64 | 17.37 | 19.48 | 21.97 | 20.69 | 20.40 | 18.19 |
| Alcohol drinking (%) | |||||||||
| Non-drinker | 80.17 | 79.48 | 82.00 | 78.58 | 80.74 | 82.18 | 79.78 | 78.94 | 82.93 |
| Low to moderate drinker | 10.95 | 12.69 | 12.86 | 11.59 | 12.45 | 12.55 | 11.18 | 14.58 | 11.06 |
| Heavy drinker | 8.88 | 7.83 | 5.14 | 9.83 | 6.81 | 5.27 | 9.04 | 6.48 | 6.01 |
| Physical activity (%) | |||||||||
| Inactive | 39.78 | 39.41 | 42.20 | 40.12 | 40.95 | 40.51 | 38.11 | 39.92 | 43.47 |
| Insufficiently active | 33.05 | 33.41 | 34.27 | 33.02 | 32.32 | 35.19 | 34.98 | 34.19 | 31.72 |
| Active | 27.18 | 27.19 | 23.53 | 26.86 | 26.73 | 24.30 | 26.91 | 25.89 | 24.81 |
| Self-reported health status (%) | |||||||||
| Poor to fair | 44.29 | 43.29 | 42.37 | 45.99 | 43.08 | 41.12 | 46.88 | 41.22 | 41.58 |
| Good | 35.79 | 33.62 | 38.49 | 31.30 | 37.21 | 39.06 | 32.23 | 37.91 | 38.08 |
| Very good/excellent | 19.91 | 23.09 | 19.14 | 22.71 | 19.71 | 19.82 | 20.89 | 20.87 | 20.34 |
| Self-reported chronic diseases (%) | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 61.53 | 66.05 | 39.03 | 61.18 | 64.13 | 63.13 | 59.66 | 64.65 | 64.29 |
| Hyperlipemia | 69.14 | 70.11 | 67.37 | 68.70 | 71.07 | 67.04 | 64.75 | 69.98 | 71.80 |
| Cancer | 17.70 | 19.02 | 17.34 | 17.41 | 19.49 | 17.27 | 16.26 | 19.98 | 17.92 |
| Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 1624.05 | 1840.65 | 1938.68 | 1601.17 | 1820.33 | 1975.98 | 1694.55 | 1798.49 | 1932.44 |
| Protein intake (% of energy) | 16.79 | 16.42 | 16.75 | 16.90 | 16.51 | 16.56 | 17.20 | 16.81 | 15.97 |
| Carbohydrate intake (% of energy) | 56.61 | 49.02 | 42.50 | 57.53 | 49.50 | 41.40 | 53.43 | 49.03 | 44.64 |
a All estimates accounted for complex survey designs. Values were mean for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. Abbreviation and acronyms: BMI body mass index.