ACE	Angiotensin-converting enzyme
LPSs	Lipopolysaccharides
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
MAPKs	Mitogen-activated protein kinases
AP-1	Activator protein 1
MMP-9	Matrix metalloproteinase 9
COS	Chitooligosaccharide
MSC	Mesenchymal stem cell
COX	Cyclooxygenase
MW	Molecular weight
DA	Deoxycholic acid
NaBH4	Sodium borohydride
DD	Deacetylation degree
NACOSs	N-acetyl-d-glucosamine oligomers
DD	Degree of deacetylation
NaNO2	Sodium nitrite
DDSs	Drug delivery systems
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
DM	Diabetes mellitus
NK	Natural killer
DP	Degree of polymerization
OGT	O-glycosyltransferase
ECM	Extracellular matrix
PEG	Polyethylene glycol
GlcN	Glucosamine
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
GlcNAc	N-Acetylglucosamine
RS	Resistant starch
GLUT-4	Glucose transporter type 4
SGOT	Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase
H2O2,	Hydrogen peroxide
SGPT	Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase
HCl	Hydrochloric acid
STZ	Streptozotocin
IFN-γ	Interferon gamma
SWCNTs	Single-walled carbon nanotubes
IL	Interleukin
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor beta
iNOS	Inducible nitric oxide synthase
TNF	Tumor necrosis factor
LMWCs	Low-molar-mass chitosans
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor