Table 1.

Biological activities of extracts and compounds isolated from A. chlorantha.

Biological Activities	Plant Part/Sample/Isolated Phytochemical Used
Antiamoebic	Isolated Protoberberine alkaloids [41]
Antibacterial	Aqueous extract of stem bark [42,43] Isolated essential oils [29] Ethanol extract of root [26] Ethanol extracts of stem bark and stem and methanol fractions [44] Alkaloidal extracts of stem bark [45] Jartrorrhizine-1, canadine-1, argentine, jartrorrhizine and berberine (molecular docking analysis) [46]
Antifungal	Isolated essential oils [29] Ethanol extract of root [26] Alkaloidal extracts of stem bark [45] Argentinine-1, columbamine-1, jartrorrhizine-1, pseudocolumbamine-1 (molecular docking analysis) [46]
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties	Boiled water bark extract [47] Isolated essential oils [29] Methanol-dichloromethane bark extracts [48] Methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of stem bark extracts [25]
Anti-leishmania	Aqueous extract stem bark [49] Isolated protoberberine alkaloids [50,51]
Antimalarial	Aqueous and ethanol extract of stem bark [49,52] Leaf and bark decoctions [32] Boiled water bark extracts [53,54] Methanol extract of stem bark [55] Aqueous, hexane, ethanol and methanol (acetogenin-rich) fractions of stem bark and stem [30,31] Isolated protoberberine alkaloids [41,56] 1,3-dibenzoyl-2-azepanone and 3,5-bis(1,1- dimethylethyl)-phenol (molecular docking analysis) [57]
Antipyretic properties	Aqueous extract of bark [58] Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stem bark [24]
Anti-trypanosoma	Ethanol extract of root [26] Aqueous extract of stem bark [49] Isolated protoberberine alkaloids [51,59]
Gastroprotective	Ethanol extract of stem bark [60] Isolated Protoberberine alkaloids [61,62]
Haematological	Ethanol extract of stem bark [35]
Hepatoprotective	Hepasor (a protoberberine-containing extract) [63,64] Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of stem bark [65]
Testiculoprotective	Aqueous extract of stem bark [66,67]