Table 1.
Characteristics of EPIC participants included in the analysis of mycotoxin exposures and risk of RCC.
| RCC in EPIC | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Cases | RCC Cases | |||
| Total sample after exclusions = 450,112 | 449,201 | 911 | ||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.3 | 4.2 | 27.0 | 4.3 |
| Age at recruitment (years) | 51.1 | 9.8 | 55.5 | 7.7 |
| Energy intake USDA (kcal/day) | 2076.3 | 618.7 | 2150.7 | 672.6 |
| Alcohol at recruitment (g/day) | 11.7 | 16.8 | 14.6 | 20.6 |
| n | % | n | % | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 130,931 | 29.1 | 495 | 54.3 |
| Female | 318,270 | 70.9 | 416 | 45.7 |
| Education | ||||
| None | 15,519 | 3.5 | 32 | 3.5 |
| Primary school completed | 110,722 | 24.6 | 342 | 37.5 |
| Technical/professional school | 103,564 | 23.1 | 219 | 24.0 |
| Secondary school | 93,787 | 20.9 | 123 | 13.5 |
| Longer education (including university degree) | 108,767 | 24.2 | 164 | 18.0 |
| Not specified | 16,842 | 3.7 | 31 | 3.4 |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Inactive | 87,829 | 19.6 | 203 | 22.3 |
| Moderately inactive | 149,613 | 33.3 | 328 | 36.0 |
| Moderately active | 120,001 | 26.7 | 198 | 21.7 |
| Active | 82,952 | 18.5 | 164 | 18.0 |
| Missing | 8806 | 2.0 | 18 | 2.0 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | 399,684 | 89.0 | 768 | 84.3 |
| Yes | 10,703 | 2.4 | 35 | 3.8 |
| Do not know | 38,814 | 8.6 | 108 | 11.9 |
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | 297,754 | 77.0 | 460 | 61.4 |
| Yes | 80,223 | 20.7 | 266 | 35.5 |
| Do not know | 8708 | 2.3 | 23 | 3.1 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | 218,958 | 48.7 | 336 | 36.9 |
| Former | 122,399 | 27.2 | 281 | 30.8 |
| Current | 99,430 | 22.1 | 285 | 31.3 |
| Unknown | 8414 | 1.9 | 9 | 1.0 |