Table 2.
Description of the external mycotoxin exposures assessed on the basis of dietary questionnaire data for the EPIC cohort. Table S1 shows the lower bound (LB) values, and Table S2 shows data relative to EFSA reference values.
| Middle Bound (MB)—µg/kg Body Weight per Day | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LABEL (Expressed in µg/kg Body Weight/day) | Case Status | Mean | SD | Min | P05 | P25 | P50 | P75 | P95 | Max |
| Ergot alkaloids (Middle bound-body weight-computed) |
Non-case | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.19 | 1.73 |
| RCC case | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.43 | |
| Ochratoxins (Middle bound-body weight-computed) |
Non-case | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.05 |
| RCC case | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | |
| Aflatoxins (Middle bound-body weight-computed) |
Non-case | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| RCC case | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
| Patulin (Middle bound-body weight) |
Non-case | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.29 |
| RCC case | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.09 | |
| Deoxynivalenol and derivatives (Middle bound-body weight-computed) |
Non-case | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.30 | 0.48 | 3.09 |
| RCC case | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.28 | 0.43 | 0.82 | |
| T-2/HT-2 toxins (Middle bound-body weight-computed) |
Non-case | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.21 |
| RCC case | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.09 | |
| Nivalenol (Middle bound-body weight) |
Non-case | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.35 |
| RCC case | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.13 | |
| Fumonisins (Middle bound-body weight-computed) |
Non-case | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.30 | 0.48 | 2.71 |
| RCC case | 0.21 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 1.49 | |
| Diacetoxyscirpenol (Middle bound -body weight) |
Non-case | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.56 |
| RCC case | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.14 | |
| Zearalenone and derivatives (Middle bound-body weight-computed) |
Non-case | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.71 |
| RCC case | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.42 | |
| Fusarium Toxins (Middle bound-body weight-computed) |
Non-case | 0.60 | 0.28 | 0.03 | 0.24 | 0.40 | 0.55 | 0.74 | 1.12 | 5.71 |
| RCC case | 0.55 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.23 | 0.37 | 0.50 | 0.68 | 1.04 | 2.02 | |
| Fusarenon X (Middle bound-body weight) |
Non-case | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.16 |
| RCC case | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.07 | |
| Sterigmatocystins (Middle bound-body weight) |
Non-case | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 |
| RCC case | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | |
| Moniliformine (Middle bound-body weight) |
Non-case | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.44 |
| RCC case | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.10 | |
| Alternaria toxins (Middle bound-body weight-computed) |
Non-case | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.39 | 1.36 |
| RCC case | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.36 | 0.78 | |
| Citrinin (Middle bound-body weight) |
Non-case | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| RCC case | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Beauvericin (Middle bound-body weight) |
Non-case | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| RCC case | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
| Enniatins (Middle bound-body weight-computed) |
Non-case | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.97 |
| RCC case | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.38 | |
| Total mycotoxins (Middle bound-body weight-computed) |
Non-case | 0.93 | 0.43 | 0.06 | 0.38 | 0.62 | 0.86 | 1.16 | 1.74 | 6.55 |
| RCC case | 0.89 | 0.42 | 0.14 | 0.37 | 0.60 | 0.82 | 1.09 | 1.67 | 2.96 | |
Abbreviations: European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, Lower bound (LB), middle bound (MB), renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The variables in bold show that a large part of the EPIC population, regardless of case status, is exposed to some of the main mycotoxins present in European foods such as DON and derivatives, fumonisins, Fusarium toxins, Alternaria toxins, and total mycotoxins.