Fig. 2.

Schematic diagram detailing exosomal treatment of the retina. Exosomes and microvesicles are isolated through ultracentrifugation of culture medium, conditioned by the proposed cell source. Lower speeds of centrifugation can be used in protocols that utilize polyethylene glycol while other techniques such as passing through a sucrose gradient are employed to further specify the vesicle size obtained. To partially-purify the 30–150 nm exosomes from the 100–1000 nm microvesicles, passage through a 0.22 μm filter is utilized. Following purification, exosome identity can be confirmed with Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and Western blot before injection into the eye (vitreous or subretinal).