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A schematic model of the anti-fibrosis effects of hADSCs pretreated with IFN-γ and KYNA on TNBS-induced CD-like colonic fibrosis. IDO-1 induced by IFN-γ and KYNA catalyzes tryptophan metabolism to produce KYN or KYNA in hADSCs, promotes the polarization of intestinal macrophages to the anti-inflammatory M2, increases the expression of IL-10 to inhibit inflammation, and consequently alleviates IBD and colon fibrosis
