Table 3.
Nutrient intakes of study participants according to quartiles of dietary TAC
| Quartiles of dietary TAC (N) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (184) | Q2 (185) | Q3 (185) | Q4 (187) | P-value* | |
| DTAC | < 6926.7 | 6926.7- 8234.6 | 8234.7- 9784.9 | > 9784.9 | |
| Dietary fiber (g) | |||||
| Crude | 35.65 ± 22 | 39.78 ± 17 | 49.37 ± 18 | 55.06 ± 18 | < 0.001 |
| Adjusted | 18 ± 7.6 | 15.9 ± 5.6 | 16.8 ± 5.3 | 16.2 ± 4.7 | 0.006 |
| Magnesium (mg) | |||||
| Crude | 329.4 ± 122 | 447.5 ± 144 | 558.8 ± 171 | 663.3 ± 181 | < 0.001 |
| Adjusted | 1697 ± 40 | 1798 ± 41 | 1898 ± 39 | 1946 ± 34 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | |||||
| Crude | 60.1 ± 35 | 83.3 ± 45 | 98.4 ± 52 | 140.7 ± 76 | < 0.001 |
| Adjusted | 30.9 ± 16 | 34.6 ± 22 | 34.3 ± 19 | 42 ± 22 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin A (mcg) | |||||
| Crude | 4525 ± 919 | 5149 ± 277 | 6100 ± 303 | 8030 ± 422 | < 0.001 |
| Adjusted | 2308 ± 436 | 2145 ± 127 | 2098 ± 94 | 2382 ± 119 | 0.6 |
| Folate (mcg) | |||||
| Crude | 464 ± 172 | 552 ± 161 | 657 ± 163 | 754 ± 179 | < 0.001 |
| Adjusted | 239.7 ± 55 | 223.6 ± 49 | 226.3 ± 44 | 225.4 ± 48 | 0.007 |
| Potassium (mg) | |||||
| Crude | 2394 ± 728 | 3309 ± 844 | 4023 ± 852 | 5194 ± 1140 | < 0.001 |
| Adjusted | 1242 ± 238 | 1341 ± 242 | 1386 ± 226 | 1545 ± 273 | < 0.001 |
| β-Carotene (μg) | |||||
| Crude | 2164 ± 2048 | 2971 ± 2160 | 3442 ± 2263 | 4877 ± 3364 | < 0.001 |
| Adjusted | 1124 ± 956 | 1242 ± 1006 | 1191 ± 759 | 1450 ± 969 | 0.005 |
| Lutein (μg) | |||||
| Crude | 1215 ± 899 | 1720 ± 1529 | 1916 ± 1458 | 2877 ± 2291 | < 0.001 |
| Adjusted | 630.7 ± 436 | 701.9 ± 614 | 657.6 ± 476 | 850.6 ± 670 | 0.001 |
| Zinc (mg) | |||||
| Crude | 9.7 ± 3.8 | 12.7 ± 4.3 | 15.5 ± 4.7 | 18.1 ± 5.3 | < 0.001 |
| Adjusted | 4.9 ± 1.1 | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 5.2 ± 1.03 | 5.3 ± .99 | 0.02 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | |||||
| Crude | 10.46 ± 6.4 | 12.57 ± 6.6 | 14.82 ± 5.6 | 16.64 ± 7.3 | < 0.001 |
| Adjusted | 5.1 ± 2.4 | 5 ± 2 | 5 ± 1.6 | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 0.54 |
| Thiamin (mg) | |||||
| Crude | 1.7 ± .69 | 2.07 ± .71 | 2.54 ± .78 | 2.75 ± .79 | < 0.001 |
| Adjusted | .9 ± .19 | .82 ± .18 | .86 ± .17 | .81 ± .17 | < 0.001 |
| Riboflavin (mg) | |||||
| Crude | 1.5 ± .73 | 1.9 ± .53 | 2.4 ± .61 | 2.9 ± .9 | < 0.001 |
| Adjusted | .8 ± .3 | .79 ± .19 | .83 ± .17 | .86 ± .23 | 0.007 |
| Niacin (mg) | |||||
| Crude | 19 ± 7.3 | 22.3 ± 8.3 | 26.9 ± 8.6 | 28.9 ± 8.3 | < 0.001 |
| Adjusted | 9.7 ± 2.1 | 8.8 ± 1.9 | 9.1 ± 1.9 | 8.5 ± 1.8 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin B-6 (mg) | |||||
| Crude | 1.3 ± .44 | 1.7 ± .49 | 2 ± .49 | 2.4 ± .58 | 0 |
| Adjusted | .7 ± .14 | .69 ± .12 | .7 ± .11 | .73 ± .13 | 0.02 |
| Monounsaturated fat | |||||
| Crude | 24.07 ± 12.2 | 31.6 ± 13.1 | 35.6 ± 12.7 | 40.9 ± 14.8 | 0 |
| Adjusted | 11.9 ± 3.8 | 12.5 ± 3.4 | 12.1 ± 3.3 | 11.8 ± 3.1 | 0.22 |
| Polyunsaturated fat | |||||
| Crude | 17.07 ± 9.8 | 21.9 ± 11.1 | 24.8 ± 10.8 | 27.7 ± 12.9 | 0 |
| Adjusted | 8.3 ± 3.2 | 8.6 ± 3.2 | 8.4 ± 3.1 | 8.0 ± 2.9 | 0.24 |
| Saturated fatty acids | |||||
| Crude | 30.6 ± 14 | 32.04 ± 14 | 30.3 ± 11.7 | 28.6 ± 13.4 | 0.91 |
| Adjusted | 10.6 ± 3.6 | 11.5 ± 3.3 | 11.3 ± 3.1 | 11.2 ± 3.3 | 1.17 |
| Total energy (Kcal) | 1976 ± 642 | 2508 ± 640 | 2944 ± 645 | 3400 ± 648 | < 0.001 |
| Carbohydrate(% of total energy) | .55 ± .08 | .54 ± .06 | .55 ± .06 | .55 ± .07 | 0.38 |
| Protein (% of total energy) | .135 ± .02 | .133 ± .02 | .138 ± .02 | .138 ± .02 | 0.05 |
| Fat (% of total energy) | .33 ± .08 | .34 ± .06 | .33 ± .06 | .33 ± .07 | 0.16 |
Values are expressed as mean ± SD
Abbreviations: DTAC Dietary Total Anti-oxidant Capacity, Q Quartile, N Number
* One-way ANOVA was used to test dietary intake across the quartiles of dietary TAC